Ancient India SWBAT Explain features of the ancient

Ancient India SWBAT: Explain features of the ancient Indus River Valley civilization

Do Now • Identify the 2 River Valley Civilizations we have already covered in class

Individual Learning • On your own complete the Indus River Valley Civilization readings, questions and DBQ practice. • We will review these together. • Day 2: Complete the journal entry on a separate piece of paper. (15 min)

Sharing for Understanding • After writing your journal entry, you will exchange with your partner • Read your partner’s journal entry • Partner discussion: • Initial thoughts, reactions, corrections (hopefully not) you can comment on • What did you like/not like?

Wrap Up • How do we know they traded with other civilizations? • How do we know they had an organized government? • How do we know they had a belief system?

Current Connections SWBAT: Review aspects of the Indus River Valley civilization using DBQs

Do Now • Review: Complete the multiple choice practice on the ½ sheet INDIVIDUALLY!

DBQ Practice • Complete your assigned DBQ individually • Share with your partner • What do we know about this civilization?

TED Talks Video • Reaction Response 1. Summarize: GOAL- Show that you understand thesis, main ideas, and supporting details. 2. Analysis/Evaluation: GOAL- Show that you understand what the author does well (strengths) and what he or she does not do so well (weaknesses). 3. Your Reaction: GOAL- Share your own personal impressions of the piece, thoughts, questions, what you found most interesting, and your own experience with the material.

TED Talks Video Clip • A Rosetta Stone for a Lost Language • Taking notes while you watch will help you write your reaction response • Initial Reactions- share with your partner • You may begin writing your reaction response AFTER viewing/discussing the video clip

Just to Review…

Geography of India • Indus River Valley is in a region known as South Asia • It is also referred to as part of the Indian Subcontinent- a large land mass that is smaller than a continent, and usually split from the rest of the continent by a mountain range • Mountains & water that surround India kept it isolated & protected from the rest of the world for many years

Indus River Valley Civilization

• The Indus River Valley is the birthplace of South Asia’s earliest civilization

The Indus River • The name “India” is derived from the Indus River. • An early civilization developed along the banks of the Indus River. • Today, the Indus River flows mostly through Pakistan. (Pakistan was once part of India)

The Himalayas • The Himalayas are a mountain chain in northern India and include the highest mountains on the surface of the Earth • The Himalayas have not completely separated India from the rest of Asia because there are passes that exists in the mountain chain

• Himalayas separate India from China

• This is a photograph of the famous Khyber Pass- a valley that allowed travelers to enter India.

Monsoons • Seasonal winds that regularly blow from a certain direction during part of the year that are vital for farming. • Summer Monsoons blow from the southwest, pick up moisture and drench India with heavy rains • Winter Monsoons blow from the northeast and bring hot/dry air

• Winter or Summer?

Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro • Possibly twin capitals of the civilizations or cities that ruled the area one after the other • Grid Cities – organized pattern, with long & wide streets • Complex plumbing system – baths, drains & water chutes that led into sewers beneath the streets.

A Familiar Grid City?

Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro

Ruins at Mohenjo-Daro

Housing • Houses were built with baked clay bricks of a standard size.

Farming & Trading • Most people were farmers. They grew wheat, barley, melons & dates • Others were merchants & traders. Their ships carried cargoes of cotton, cloth, grain, copper, pearls & ivory to distant lands • Trade ships traveled the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf and reached Sumer

Indus Civilization Declines • Emerged as a civilization around 2500 B. C. , flourished for 1, 000 years then vanished! • By 1900 BC, quality of life in the Indus Valley was declining • Scholars do not know for sure what happened- they offer three theories: – Invaders attacked & overran cities – There was a major flood – There was a devastating earthquake

Archaeologists At Work • Remains found within last 100 years, but still a work in progress • Writing not deciphered yet -No names of kings, tax records, literature, famous victories, etc. • We do know: Indus Valley civilization covered largest area of any civilization until the rise of Persia more than 1, 000 years later!!

Group Activity!

Task… • Topics: Geography City’s Structure/Layout Government Economy Religious Beliefs Decline/Disappearance • Groups are to create teaching posters on one topic for a gallery walk • Use guiding questions, last night’s HW, and pages 5053 in text to assist you

Task… • Your class is a museum today… • As a group will travel from poster to poster gathering information from each feature of the early IRV civilization. • You might need to extract the only the most important information so it fits in your graphic organizer. • What to bring: graphic organizer, guiding questions, IRV notesheet, and something to write with

Wrap Up • What’s the most interesting information you learned from the other groups? • If you were an architect working in the Indus River Valley, what three items would you place on your “wish list’? • What judgment would you make about this civilization? • What information would you use to support your judgments?

Aryan Civilization of Ancient India SWBAT: Explain the caste system of India introduced by the Aryans

Do Now • What group of people invaded the Indian subcontinent from the northwest?

Activity • While watching “Crash Course: The Indus Valley Civilization”: - write down 1 piece of information you already knew - write down 2 new pieces of information you learn from the video • Crash Course: Indus River

Reading for Understanding • Read “Social Structure” and “Family Life”, then complete the questions that follow • Use your reading strategies!

Do Now • Complete the “Family Life” reading and questions that follow • Use your reading strategies!

The Aryans • Migrated to India- 1500 BC • 4 Vedas—a collection of hymns, prayers, and other religious teachings written in Sanskrit • “The Vedic Age” • Warlike people • Tribes led by rajahs (chiefs)

Aryan Religion • Polytheistic—animal worship, offered sacrifices of food & drink to the gods • Belief in Brahman—single, supreme, spiritual power

Wrap Up Compare the Indian caste system to any social structure you see in our country. Similarities/Differences? How can you remember why it’s called a “caste” system?

Hinduism SWBAT: Explain features of the Aryan civilization in Ancient India

World Religions Today Chart Analysis: • What can conclusions can you draw from analyzing the “World Religions Chart”

Hinduism • 3 rd largest religion in the world today • One of the oldest & most complex religions • Combination of Aryan and Indus peoples’ beliefs • Predominant religion on the Indian Subcontinent today

Hinduism • Hindu simply meant "Indian“, a term invented by foreign traders to describe the civilization and peoples of the sub-continent • No founder, central messiah or prophet • Hundreds of sects developed within Hinduism • Magnificent temples, respect for priests • Veneration of life, especially the cow, which is thought to embody fertility, forbidding its killing

• “The Sacred Cow” –Seen as a symbol of life & nourishment –Cow Dung used for energy, tilaks (religious markings), & fertilizer

Aspects of Hinduism SWBAT: Create a poster reflecting an aspect of Hinduism

Group Activity! • Your group will be assigned an aspect of Hindu beliefs • As a group, create a poster reflecting your aspect of Hinduism - Use the text to find info - Summarize main ideas using 5 bullet points - Colorful, correct, creative - Include an image! • Gallery Walk when complete!

The Goal of Life • Ultimate goal: achieve moksha -union with Brahman • Must free self from selfish desires -cannot be achieved in one lifetime • Nirvana- the emancipation from ignorance and the extinction of all attachments

Reincarnation • Hinduism claimed a divine mandate to separate people by color • Suggested members of the toiling lower castes might become reincarnated at a higher level in another life • To advance, the individual must fulfill moral obligations in the present life persuading members of the lower castes to be dutiful • Reincarnation: rebirth of a soul in another bodily form allows soul to work towards moksha

Moksha

Cycle of Death & Rebirth

Sacred Texts • Teachings have been recorded in -Vedas- collection of prayers, sacred verses -Upanishads- dialogues about Hindu beliefs

Sacred River • The Ganges River is sacred –Bathing in it can purify, cleanse, and cure the sick –Upon death many Hindus are cremated & have some of their ashes spread in the Ganges

The Bindi • Traditional forehead decoration symbolizing relationship status of a Hindu women –Red = Married –Black = Single • Black can also ward off evil spirits

Wrap Up • What motive is there for creating a caste system? • How will social problems arise from the development of the caste system? • What does the equation D+K=R stand for? -explain D, K, R • How is Hinduism connected to the Aryan civilization? • In what ways do you think Hinduism can affect the way of life for a group of people?

Ahimsa • Another key moral principle of Hinduism • Idea of Nonviolence • All people & things are aspects of Brahman & should be respected