Ancient History Economic Expansion and Technological Development 600

Ancient History: Economic Expansion and Technological Development 600 BCE-1200 CE Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 1

Warm Up n Find a partner who wrote the same essay response that you did. With that partner, share your thesis statement and discuss which pieces of evidence you used. 2

Persia: Economic Foundations n Several areas exceptionally fertile (high crop yields) q n n n Vast quantities of produce flowed into imperial court Use of standardized coins, banks, and investment in commercial ventures Long-distance trade grew rapidly on Persian roads Various regions all contributed particular products to economy

Han China: Economic Developments n n Standardized currency and script allowed for increased exchange Invasions of Vietnam, Korea: Expansion for resources q q Stable Agriculture Access to minerals and ore for metallurgy Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

Han China: Technological Developments n Expansion of iron manufacture q n n Iron tips on tools abandoned as tools entirely made from iron Increased food production: Iron tools/cooking supplies helped better utilize food Superior weaponry: Better Armor, sharper and stronger swords, arrows, spears.

Han China: Other Technological Developments n Cultivation of silkworms q Sericulture techniques: breeding, diet n q n Led to establishment of intricate network of trade routes: Silk Roads Development of paper q n Other silk-producing lands relied on wild worms Bamboo, fabric abandoned in favor of paper based on hemp, bark, textile fibers Crossbow trigger, horse collar, ship rudder

CFU n n n Identify similarities between economic expansion in Persian and Han China. Explain the importance of technological developments in Han China Identify the relationship between technological development and economic growth. Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 7

India: Towns and Manufacturing n n n Manufactured goods in big demand Developed in dense network of small workshops Intense trade q q Capitalized on trade routes across India was known for spices, jewelry, manufactured goods, significant crop production

India: Long-Distance Trade n n Persian connection since Cyrus, Darius Massive road-building projects under Persian rule Trade routes through Kush mountains, the Silk Roads Expansion of seasonal sea trade q n Spring/winter winds from southwest, fall/winter winds from northwest Trade from Asia to Persian Gulf and Red Sea, Mediterranean 9

Roman Economic Development n n Appearance of bronze metallurgy ca. 1800 B. C. E. ; iron ca. 900 B. C. E. Significance: Weaponry. (Technology) Major center of trade routes: Excellent Location, Etruscans established trading with their fleet Not located on the Sea, avoided major Sea invasions Extensive network of roads allowed for stable long distance trade. 10

Continuing Expansion and Integration n Roman occupation of increasingly remote areas q n n n Gaul, Germany, Britain, Spain Coordination of crop production, transport of natural resources (Food production supported Urban development/population expansion) Developed infrastructure (Public works) Cities emerged (Urbanization) 11

CFU n n Describe the economic development of India during the classical period. Identify the role trade played in economic development in India and Rome. 12

The Grand Canal n Intended to promote trade between north and south China q q n n Bring food from Agricultural south to populous north Most Chinese rivers flow west-east Emperor Sui Yangdi (r. 604– 618 C. E. ) Linked network of earlier canals q q 2, 000 kilometers (1, 240 miles) Roads on either side 13 Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw. Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

China: The Economic Development of the Tang and Song Dynasties n n Developed Vietnamese fast-ripening rice, two crops per year (Allowed two harvests per year) New agricultural techniques: q q q Use of iron plows, draft animals Soil fertilization, improved irrigation, including use of waterwheels Cultivation in difficult terrain, including terraced Copyright © 2015 Mc. Grawmountainsides Hill Education. All rights 14 reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

China: Population Growth n n Result of increased agricultural production Effective food distribution system q Transportation networks built under Tang and Song dynasties Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 15

China: Urbanization n Chang’an was world’s most populous city: two million residents Southern Song capital at Hangzhou: over one million Marco Polo on Chinese cities: “They use paper money as currency. The men as well as the women are fair skinned and handsome. Most of them always dress themselves in silk, as a result of the vast quantities of that material produced in Hangzhou, exclusive of what the merchants import from other provinces. ” 16

CFU n Describe the connection between increased food production, population growth, and urbanization. 17

China: Technology and Industry n n Porcelain (chinaware) Increase of iron production due to use of coke, not coal, in furnaces q q n n Coke: Pure form of coal that allows for superior smithing Agricultural tools, weaponry, bridges Gunpowder invented (first guns made by song dynasty) Gunpowder was spread along silk road to all parts of Eurasia 18

China: Technology and Industry n Earlier printing techniques refined q q n n Moveable type by mid-eleventh century (printing press) Complex Chinese ideographs make wood block technique easier China Controlled the South China Sea Naval technology q q q Magnetic Compass Improved Rudder Chinese Junk: 400 ft long ship with multiple sails 19

China: The Emergence of a Market Economy n Letters of credit developed to deal with copper coin shortages q n Development of independently produced paper money q n n Promissory notes, checks also used Not as stable; riots when not honored Basic Banking System formed Government claimed monopoly on money production in eleventh century 20

CFU n n Identify two important technological developments in China. Explain what made China the economic superpower that it was during Tang and Song Dynasties. Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 21

Middle East: Economy of the Early Islamic World n Spread of food and industrial crops q n n Western diet adapted to wide variety New crops adapted to different growing seasons q q n Trade routes from India to Spain Agricultural sciences developed Cotton, paper industries developed Major cities emerged 22 Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw. Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

Banking and the Organization of Trade n Scale of trade led to development of banks q n n Sakk (“check”) Trade promoted by uniformity of Islamic law throughout dar al-Islam Joint ventures common 23 Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw. Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.

Homework n n Write a response to the other essay question that you did not answer for homework. Please observe the same rules when completing your second essay. Please keep both of your responses, they will be submitted for credit at the end of the unit. Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 24