Ancient Greek Theatre Where is Greece Why do

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Ancient Greek Theatre

Ancient Greek Theatre

Where is Greece?

Where is Greece?

Why do we begin with Greece? l Ancient Greece is the beginning of Western

Why do we begin with Greece? l Ancient Greece is the beginning of Western culture and civilization. (That eventually became Europe and the Americas. ) l Many Western cultures followed the examples that began in Greece. l Modern American Theatre evolved from the Ancient Greek traditions.

A. Historical Influences 1. 2. 3. 4. 500’s B. C. E. Festivals honoring Dionysus,

A. Historical Influences 1. 2. 3. 4. 500’s B. C. E. Festivals honoring Dionysus, God of Wine *Dithyramb – ritual of song and dance Contests for Playwrights

B. Physical Space 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *Arena Theatre *Theatron – “seeing place”

B. Physical Space 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *Arena Theatre *Theatron – “seeing place” – sloped hillside for audience *Orchestra – Flat terrace below slope where chorus performed – between audience and Main Actors *Skene – Building behind acting area *Proskenion – Stage area

C. Characteristics of Productions 1. All performers were men – usually limited to 3

C. Characteristics of Productions 1. All performers were men – usually limited to 3 actors

2. *Chorus – about 15 people – Choral Odes were performed between episodes and

2. *Chorus – about 15 people – Choral Odes were performed between episodes and divided the action into segments. -Seen as a “group character” who expressed opinions and gave advice – Often expressed the author’s point of view or reacted as the audience to establish mood. - Sang, chanted, danced.

*Episodes = Acting scenes 4. *Parados = Prologue – Entrance of chorus and explanation

*Episodes = Acting scenes 4. *Parados = Prologue – Entrance of chorus and explanation of background. Also the name for the actual aisle where the chorus entered. 3. 5. *Deus Ex Machina – “god from machine” - Crane like device to fly gods in

D. Important People Thespis – first performer to separate from chorus and have a

D. Important People Thespis – first performer to separate from chorus and have a dialogue with them as a character – considered “first actor” – where we get the word “thespian” 2. 6 th century B. C. E. 1.

Aeschylus 2. Aeschylus (ca 525 -456 B. C. E. ) l “Father of Greek

Aeschylus 2. Aeschylus (ca 525 -456 B. C. E. ) l “Father of Greek Tragedy” l Known for innovative language l Only 7 of 70 plays survived

Sophocles 3. l l Sophocles (496 -406 B. C. E. ) 7 of 123

Sophocles 3. l l Sophocles (496 -406 B. C. E. ) 7 of 123 plays remain Known for 3 big innovations: a. Including a 3 rd actor on stage b. Limiting the role of the chorus c. Making plots more complex

Euripides 4. l l Euripides (480 -406 B. C. E. ) Last Tragic playwright

Euripides 4. l l Euripides (480 -406 B. C. E. ) Last Tragic playwright of the classic era 17 of 92 plays survived Created “Deus Ex Machina” and “Prologue” Known for simple language and realism

Aristophanes 5. Aristophanes (ca. 446– 386 BCE) l Father of Old Comedy l 11

Aristophanes 5. Aristophanes (ca. 446– 386 BCE) l Father of Old Comedy l 11 of 40 plays survive l A lot of farce and satire l His powers of ridicule were feared

Menander 5. l l Menander (ca 341290 B. C. E. ) Writer/creator of “new

Menander 5. l l Menander (ca 341290 B. C. E. ) Writer/creator of “new comedy” Wrote more than 100 comedies – only 1 survived

New Comedy l Popular after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 –

New Comedy l Popular after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 – until about 260 ish BCE l Fears of ordinary man l Personal relationships l Family and social mishaps l More sophisticated l Less farcical and satirical than “Old comedy”

E. Notable Titles l Oedipus Rex (the king) l Antigone l Both by Sophocles

E. Notable Titles l Oedipus Rex (the king) l Antigone l Both by Sophocles and part of trilogy

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