Ancient Greek Civilization Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter

Ancient Greek Civilization Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to Ancient Greek Civilization. You will learn about the wars that united and divided the Greeks, and study the religion, arts, and learning of ancient Greek Civilization. Section 1: War in Ancient Greece Section 2: Alexander’s Empire Section 3: Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Section 4: Ancient Greek Learning Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization my. Story Alexander the Great: A Prophecy Fulfilled What does Alexander’s feat of taming Bucephalus tell us about his character? What was the basis for Alexander’s belief that he was destined to defeat Darius III? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization my. Story Alexander the Great: A Prophecy Fulfilled What were some effects of Philip’s murder? Philip’s Murder Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Effects

Ancient Greek Civilization my. Story Alexander the Great: A Prophecy Fulfilled What does the quote by the ancient historian Arrian suggest about Alexander? According to modern historian Robin Lane Fox, no one who saw Alexander’s army ever forgot the sight. Why? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization my. Story Alexander the Great: A Prophecy Fulfilled Alexander’s Battles Against Persia Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization my. Story How should we handle conflict? How well do you think the Greeks handled conflict? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece What do you know about what has been called the war on terror? War on Terror Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Academic Vocabulary pursue—v. , to chase The police pursue thief through the streets. currency—n. , money The euro is the currency of most of the European Union member nations. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Key Ideas Greek city-states cooperated to defeat a threat from the mighty Persian empire. After the Persian wars, Athens became the dominant Greek city-state. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Key Ideas Rivalry between Athens and Sparta led to a series of wars that weakened all of Greece. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Key Terms Battle of Marathon—a battle on the plains of Marathon, where Greek phalanxes surprised and defeated the Persian army, ending the First Persian War. Battle of Salamis—a naval battle in which Athens trapped and destroyed Persia’s huge navy in a narrow strait, helping to end the Second Persian War. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Key Terms Delian League—an alliance that Athens formed for mutual protection with other citystates after the Second Persian War Peloponnesian League—an alliance that Sparta formed with other oligarchies in response to Athenian control of the Delian League. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece The Persian Wars 546 B. C. Persia conquers the Ionian city-states. 500 B. C. The Ionian city-states rebel. 490 B. C. Darius invades Greece. The Greeks defeat Persia at the Battle of Marathon. 480 B. C. Xerxes invades Greece. The Greeks defeat Persia at the Battle of Salamis. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Turning Points What caused Darius to try to conquer Greece in 490 B. C. ? How did the Greeks win the First Persian War? What was Themistocles’ trap? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Leaders During the Persian Wars Leaders Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Rival Leagues After the Second Persian War, city-states on the Aegean Sea formed the Delian League for protection. Athens took control of this alliance. In response, Sparta joined other oligarchies in the Peloponnesian League. These two leagues were soon engaged in a deadly rivalry. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece What evidence supports the idea that the members of the Delian League were not all equal? Evidence Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece The Peloponnesian War In 431 B. C. , Sparta marched into Athens’s territory, starting the Peloponnesian War. Plague broke out during Sparta’s year-long siege of Athens. The Peloponnesian War dragged on for 27 years, with periodic truces. Athens surrendered after Sparta cut off Athens’s food supply. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece What effect do you think the plague had on the Athenians? Cause Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Effect

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece Balance of Power Why do you think the Peloponnesian War lasted so long? Why do you think Persia gave money to Sparta for a new navy? What effect did Sparta’s new navy have on its power struggle with Athens? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization War in Ancient Greece How should we handle conflict? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Name some people that you greatly admire. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Academic Vocabulary period—n. , span of time Greek influence spread during the Hellenistic period. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Key Ideas The Macedonian rulers Philip and Alexander conquered the Greek city-states and united Greece. Alexander the Great went on to conquer an empire stretching from Egypt to India. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Key Ideas Alexander’s empire help spread Greek culture across a wide area. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Key Terms sarissa—the Macedonian pike Alexandria—the city founded by Alexander on the edge of the Nile delta Hellenistic—Greeklike; of or related to the mingling of Greek culture with cultures of other lands, following Alexander’s death Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Characteristics of Ancient Macedonian Culture • government by kings • influence of Greece • distinctive traditions and customs • “old-fashioned” in the eyes of the Greeks Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire What did Philip achieve? Philip’s Achievements Army Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Conquests

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Philip’s Dreams What were Philip’s ambitions? What stopped Philip from invading Persia? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Why did the Greeks rebel after Philip’s death? Reasons for Greek Rebellion Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire Conquests of Alexander the Great • gained control of Greece and burned Thebes • freed the Ionian city-states • captured Mediterranean coastal cities • assumed the crown of the Pharaohs in Egypt • defeated the Persian king Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire What were the lasting effects of the conquests of Alexander the Great? Alexander’s Conquests Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Lasting Effects

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire A Path to Greatness What influence shaped Alexander’s character in his youth? Why did Egypt welcome Alexander? Why did Alexander’s army eventually refuse to continue fighting? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Alexander’s Empire How should we handle conflict? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts What words related to theater originated in ancient Greece? Words Related to Ancient Greek Theater Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Academic Vocabulary cease—v. , to stop The new law requires us to cease using cell phones while driving. submission—n. , obedience The Ionians no longer had to show submission to the Persian king. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Key Ideas Ancient Greek religion was based on a belief in many gods. Greek art and architecture have remained influential to the present day. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Key Ideas Greek writers contributed to the development of lyric poetry and drama. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Key Terms polytheism—the worship of many gods, or deities mythology—the collection of myths, or stories, that people tell about their gods or heroes Olympic games—athletic contests held every four years as part of a religious festival that honored Zeus Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Key Terms Delphic oracle—the priestess who made predictions at the temple of Apollo in Delphi lyric poetry—a short poem sung in accompaniment with the lyre chorus—actors who commented on actions and advised characters in a play Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts What were some purposes of Greek myths? Greek Myths served to. . . Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Important Greek Gods and Goddesses Some of the Twelve Olympians: The supreme ruler was Zeus. Hera was his queen. Apollo ruled the sun, and Poseidon governed the sea. Aphrodite was the goddess of love, Demeter the goddess of farming. Many Greeks favored Athena, guardian of Athens, who protected them in war and gave them the olive tree. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts What evidence shows the high regard in which the Greeks held their gods? How Greeks Viewed Their Gods Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Religious Festivals and Sites What occurred at the Olympic Games? What were two important sacred spots for the Greeks? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Greek Achievements in the Arts Greek Artistic Achievements Sculpture Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Architecture Painting

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts The Literary Greeks Greek literature was often linked to religion. Greek poets and dramatists competed for prizes at religious festivals. Modern theaters still perform the surviving tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes. Aesop’s fables continue to be popular today. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts Summarize ideas about Greek religion, art, and literature. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts The Enduring Greek Arts What concepts inspired both Greek sculpture and architecture? How does modern sculpture differ from ancient sculpture? Why do you think the ancient Greek tragedies still inspire modern playwrights? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts How should we handle conflict? What sort of conflicts did Greek drama explore? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning The Importance of Scientists Identify Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Predict

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Academic Vocabulary concept—n. , idea Do you understand the concepts of supply and demand? acquire—v. , to get hold of; obtain Someday the museum will acquire the donor’s artworks. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Key Ideas Greek scholars made important contributions in both philosophy and history. The ancient Greeks pioneered scientific and medical discoveries by examining nature. Greek learning continued to grow and spread during the Hellenistic age. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Key Terms Socratic method—question-and-answer method of teaching developed by Socrates Academy—school of philosophy founded by Plato Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Key Terms hypothesis—logical guesses Hippocratic oath—a pledge taken by medical students to use their knowledge in ethical ways only Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning The Power of Reason Greek thinkers used reason and observation to answer difficult questions. They solved problems using logic, a step-by-step method. Greek philosophers and scientists applied logic to their study of the universe and reality. The Socratic method required students to think clearly. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Schools of Thought Plato Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Shared The Stoics

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning From the Past Why is Herodotus known as the “father of history”? What methods did Thucydides use in his research? What was an important purpose of Thucydides’ writing? Who wrote the world’s first known autobiography? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Founders of Modern Science Famous Greek Scientists Thales Democritus Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Aristotle Archimedes

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Aristotle’s Influence According to J. M. Roberts, what influence did Aristotle have? How were the areas of Aristotle’s influence connected? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Advances in Mathematics and Medicine Pythagoras believed that numbers held the key to understanding the universe. The Pythagorean theorem bears his name. Hippocrates taught his students to make observations and ask questions of their patients. The Hippocratic oath requires doctors to “never do harm to anyone. ” Herophilus and Erasistratus advanced the study of anatomy. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Alexandria: A Great Hellenistic Center Which famous scholars lived in ancient Alexandria? In what ways did Alexandria’s location contribute to its development as an economic and intellectual center? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Summarize key ideas about ancient Greek learning. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning Hellenistic High Points To which modern cities might Alexandria be compared? In what way did Greek scientists differ from other ancient thinkers in their explanation of natural events? What sophisticated technology did the Greeks produce? How did Greek doctors go beyond Egyptian doctors? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek Learning How should we handle conflict? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.