Ancient Greece Section 3 Classical Greece In this
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Ancient Greece Section 3: Classical Greece In this section you will learn about Greek government and the traditional methods of ‘conflict resolution’ employed by ancient civilizations. 1. 2. 3. 4. What impact did the Persians Wars have on Greece? How did Athens enjoy a golden age of Pericles? List the causes/effects of the Peloponnesian War. What political and ethical ideas did Greek philosophers develop?
Key Terms Age of Pericles: the period in Greek history between 461 and 429 B. C. when Athens’ power and brilliance was at its height (page 123) Direct Democracy: a democratic system in which people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings (page 123) Ostracism: the Athenian practice of banning a person from the city for 10 years, if at least six thousand members of the assembly wrote the person’s name on pottery fragments, called ostrakon (page 123)
The Challenge of Persia (page 121) What two Persian rulers invaded Greece? Xerxes (circa 490 BCE) Darius (circa 334 BCE) The Growth of the Athenian Empire (page 123) What was the Delian League? The Delian League was an alliance against the Persians. Its headquarters was on the island of Delos, but its chief officials were Athenians.
Peloponnesian War: Delians verses Peloponnesians A map of the Peloponnesian War, 431 -404 B. C. From their beginnings, the Greek city-states had tenaciously protected their individual independence, and only with reluctance had they formed an alliance against the Persians. After their defeat of the Persians, Athens and others broke with tradition and formed a permanent union, the Delian League (green areas), to prevent further Persian attacks. In a few years, the more powerful Athens turned the league into its own empire, which changed forever the ancient Greek political ideal. Sparta and its allies (yellow areas) looked on such a coalition as a threat to their safety which, according to the Athenian historian Thucydides, "drove them to war. " The result was a drain on the resources of both sides, and the beginning of a series of destructive, internecine wars. The weakened cities easily succumbed to King Philip of Macedon when he invaded Greece in 338 B. C.
The Age of Pericles (page 123) What was Athenian government like during the Age of Pericles? In the Age of Pericles, every male citizen played a role in government. The form of government was a direct democracy. Every male citizen over the age of 18 was a part of the assembly and voted on all major issues. Meetings of the assembly were held every 10 days. The assembly passed all laws, elected public officials, and made final decisions on war and foreign policy. On a daily basis, a large body of city officials ran the government. Ten officials, known as generals, were the directors of policy. These officials were elected. Lower-class male citizens were eligible for public office, and officeholders were paid.
The Great Peloponnesian War (page 124) What was the basic cause of the Great Peloponnesian War? Sparta and the other Greek states feared the growing Athenian Empire. A series of disputes between Athens and Sparta led to the beginning of the war. Three Results of the Peloponnesian War. The Athenian Empire was destroyed. The war weakened all Greek states. It ruined any possibility of cooperation among them.
Daily Life in Classical Athens (page 125) What was the role of women in ancient Athens? Women were citizens who could take part in religious festivals, but otherwise, they were excluded from public life. They could not vote or own property, and they received no formal education. They were expected to bear children and take care of their families and their homes. Their lives were strictly controlled. If they left the house, they had to have a companion.
Daily Life in Classical Sparta What was the role of women in ancient Sparta? Women in Sparta were expected to produce healthy sons for the army, they were told to exercise and strengthen their bodies. Spartan women actually had some power in society. They could own land if some relatives were unable to attend their responsibilities they would be in charge. It was rare to see a Spartan woman marry before the age of 20 but the law of divorce was the same for men and women. Unlike Athenian women, Spartan women were free to go anywhere and they could wear whatever they wanted.
Sparta & Athens Sung to the tune of “Itsy Bitsy Spider” Spartans & Athenians both live in Greece. Spartans use their swords & Athenians use their brains. The Persians invaded Greece & the Delian League was formed. This made the Spartans mad, thus the Peloponnesian War.
