Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review Geography Mainland Greece

Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review

Geography • Mainland Greece is ________ • It is made of three ________; two are smaller and joined together by an _____ to create a larger ________. • The _____ Sea is to the west of Greece, the ________Sea is to the east, and the _________ Sea to the south. • Although Greece’s soil is _____ and made it difficult to farm, they could grow some _____, and a lot of _______ and ________.

Geography • Mainland Greece is mountainous. • It is made of three peninsulas; two are smaller and joined together by an isthmus to create a larger peninsula. • The Ionian Sea is to the west of Greece, the Aegean Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. • Although Greece’s soil is rocky and this made it difficult to farm, they could grow some wheat, and a lot of grapes and olives.

Minoans • The earliest Greeks were the _______ who lived on the island of ______. • The capital was _______. • The Minoans were great ______and ____. • Either because of a massive ______ or because of an ________, the ______ took over as the most important Greeks.

Minoans • The earliest Greeks were the Minoans who lived on the island of Crete. • The capital was Knossos. • The Minoans were great sailors and traders. • Either because of a massive earthquake or because of an invasion the Mycenaeans took over as the most important Greeks.

City-States • An ______ or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. • Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be __________, and ________. • Regardless of your city-state, the soldiers were called_______ and fought in a _______ formation. • The Greek name for city-state is ______.

City-States • An agora or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. • Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be free, born in the city-state and own land. • Regardless of you city-state, the soldiers were called hoplites and fought in a phalanx formation. • The Greek name for city-state is polis.

Types of Government • A _______ is led by a king or queen. • An ______ is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. • A _______ is ruled by a ______ who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) • A ______ is where all citizens share power. • Sparta was an _________, even though they had two ______, • Athens was a _______.

Types of Government • A monarchy is lead by a king or queen. • An oligarchy is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. • A tyranny is ruled by a tyrant who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) • A democracy is where all citizens share power. • Sparta was an oligarchy, even though they had two kings. • Athens was a democracy.

Sparta • Spartan slaves, called _______, did all the farming. • The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest _____ to control the slaves. • Boys started training at age ____, became soldiers at ______, and served until age ______. • Spartan girls participated in _______ training and had more freedom than ______ women. • The council of Spartan elders, or ______, thought up the laws.

Sparta • Spartan slaves, called helots did all the farming. • The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest army to control the slaves. • Boys started training at age 7 became soldiers at 18 and served until age 60. • Spartan girls participated in physical training and had more freedom than Athenian women. • The council of Spartan elders, or ephors thought up the laws.

Persian Wars • King ______ of Persia wanted to punish the ________ for helping the Ionians rebel. • The first fight, the _____ of _______, was a victory for the Greeks. • The next Persian king, _____, came back _____years later to invade Greece with ______ soldiers. • The Spartans led at the battle of _______ in a narrow ______ pass. Even though all _____ Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to _______.

Persian Wars • King Darius of Persia wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the Ionians rebel. • The first fight, the Battle of Marathon was a victory for the Greeks. • The next Persian king, Xerxes came back 10 years later to invade Greece with 300, 000 soldiers. • The Spartans led at the battle of Thermopylae in a narrow mountain pass. Even though all 300 Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to retreat.

Persian Wars • The Persians ______ Athens. • At ______, the Greeks used their faster, smaller _____to defeat the _______. • The final battle at _____ was again led by the ________. • The Persian Wars _____ the Greeks against a common enemy.

Persian Wars • The Persians burned Athens. • At Salamis the Greeks used their faster, smaller triremes to defeat the Persians • The final battle at Plataea was again led by the Spartans. • The Persian Wars united the Greeks against a common enemy.

Pericles/Golden Age • Athens formed the ___________ with other city-states as a defense against the Persians. • Sparta formed the _______ • ________ was elected General of Athens. • He rebuilt the ________, strengthened __________, and made the __________ to the sea. • Athens was still a ______ democracy during Pericles’ time. • The _______ was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens

Pericles/Golden Age • Athens formed the Delian League with other city-states as a defense against the Persians. • Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League • Pericles was elected General of Athens. • He rebuilt the Parthenon strengthened democracy and made the long walls to the sea. • Athens was still a direct democracy during Pericles’s time. • The Golden Age was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens

Peloponnesian War • This war lasted _____ years and the two sides were headed by _____ and ______. • The Pericles’ speech known as the _____________ gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. • Athens retreated behind its _____ but a ______ struck, killing 1/3 of the people including _______. • Spartans made a deal with _____ for money to build ______. • Sparta defeated _______, but all of Greece was_______.

Peloponnesian War • This war lasted 27 years and the two sides were headed by Sparta and Athens. • The Pericles’ speech known as the Funeral Oration gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. • Athens retreated behind its walls but a plague struck, killing 1/3 of the people including Pericles. • Spartans made a deal with Persia for money to build ships. • Sparta defeated Athens , but all of Greece was weakened.