ANCIENT GREECE 800 BCE300 BCE Mountains Water Islands

ANCIENT GREECE 800 BCE-300 BCE

Mountains, Water, Islands

City. State: A city that acts like a country within a country. Example: Corinth, Sparta, Athens NOT Greece (government, military, culture different)

Minoans

Legend of the Minotaur

Greeks Mycenaeans, 1 st *Set up colonies, traded as far as they could get, did not always trade the “nice” way

Persians

Cyrus the Great ian n ylo mia) b a ta B o Asia : p d o l ere Mes ntra u nq ire ( Ce o C mp E

Darius I (Darius the Great) Co Ind nque Eu ia, p red: Eg rope arts o NE , ter ypt, S Tur f ke rito o y, m rie e s. Gr ee k

Phalanx ■ Single, cohesive battle unit

Battle of Marathon (Darius I)(492 -479) *10, 000 Athenians (a few Eritreans) to 30, 000 Persians *Boats continued to get destroyed in the Aegean Sea *”Marathon” 26. 2, man ran from Marathon to Athens to tell of the victory

Thermopylae (Xerxes) *7, 000 Spartans on land to 100, 000 Persians, 200 Athenians on sea to 360, or more, Persians *Spartan traitor helps Persians * Leonidas fights with 300 left behind https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t 8 nd. EZ 9 ot. Gc

Salamis(Xerxes): *Greeks lure Persians into the straight of Salamis *Smaller, faster ships give Greeks the advantage, Triremes *Persian navy retreats!

Plataea *Greeks form largest army up to this point. Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Megara , Thebes ■ At first, neither side wanted to make a full-scale attack, but the Persian cavalry successfully raided Greek supply routes and blocked some of the springs that provided their water supply. Pausanius therefore decided on a night move to a new position. This maneuver did not go as planned, and when dawn broke the Greek force was strung out and disorganized. Mardonius saw his opportunity and attacked. This offensive gave the Greeks the chance they needed. At close quarters their wellarmed hoplite infantry gradually gained the upper hand. Mardonius himself was killed in action with the Spartans, and the leaderless Persians then broke and fled. As always in an ancient battle, the casualties of a routing army were horrific. Thousands of Persians were slaughtered on the retreat or in their camp; what was left of the Persian army withdrew north into Thessaly. Fighting between Greeks and Persians continued for many years, but the Persians never invaded Greece again. ■ Losses: Persian, 30, 000 of 100, 000; Greek, 2, 000 of 40, 000.

Delian League ■ Defensive alliance of Greek city-states to prevent future invasions. ■ Athens is in charge of this; fleets, policy's. ■ Athens collects tribute for the Delian League.