Ancient Empires expansion trade art Ancient Iran PERSEPOLIS

Ancient Empires expansion, trade, art

Ancient Iran PERSEPOLIS

Persian Architecture Similar to Roman architecture, Persian architectural style includes many columns, but also consists of Persiaspecific capitals and a sense of taller, more delicate buildings

Column Capitals Griffin and Bull

Apadana Palace Ruins 5 th Century BCE, The hall of the kings, Destroyed by Alexander the Great

Ruins of Palace at Ctesiphon Imperial capital of the second Persian Empire

Visual Art Also containing Roman influence, persian art is preserved in reliefs, statues, and sculpture

Persian Reliefs Carved into both palaces and cliffs, some look more Romanesque, and some more Mesopotamian

Rhyton Drinking vessels

Eastern trade meets Western ideal ALEXANDRIA

Pharos of Alexandria Archetype for all lighthouses since

Temple of Serapis Part of the Library at Alexandria

Emperial China Respects Buddha, Fights for Emperor BUDDHIST ART

Buddha Mural

Buddha Statue

Terracotta Army Chinese monument built for the first Emperor

Terracotta mind trick New York, NY

First American Metropolis TEOTIHUACAN

The Pyramid of the Sun The largest pyramid in Teotihuacan

Mural of Mythical creatures The Palace of Jaguars, Teotihuacan

Relief Sculpture The pyramid of Quetzlcoatl

Quetzlcoatl Aztec God from earlier Mesoamerica

The beginnings of Western civilization THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Roman Republic ca. 500 BC-0 (formative age of Roman civilization) Roman Empire ca. 0 -500 (great age of Roman civilization) Early Republic (ca. 500 -250 BC): Roman territory expands slowly across Italy Late Republic (ca. 250 -27 BC): Roman territory expands rapidly across Mediterranean lands Pax Romana (ca. 27 BC-180 AD): flourishing of the Roman Empire Late Empire (ca. 180 -500): gradual decline of the Roman Empire Summary of Roman Europe The Roman Empire was at its heyday during Pax Romana. Augustus was the founder of this era and often seen as the greatest Roman emperor. Other names to know are Ceasar and Constantine.

Recognizable Art/Architecture The Colosseum

Recognizable Art/Architecture The Pantheon – Emulated by modern American structures (such as Jefferson’s Pantheon)

Recognizable Art/Architecture Trajan’s Column with relief sculpture detail

Augustus and Constantine Busts Made in the popular sculpted marble statue form