Ancient Egypt Title Egypt you need your notebook

Ancient Egypt

Title: Egypt -you need your notebook today 1. How did the Neolithic Revolution lead to the first advanced civilizations? 2. What are some characteristics all civilizations share?

4 Early Civilizations – River Valley 1. 2. 3. 4. Egypt: Middle East Mesopotamia / Sumerian: Middle East (Iran) Indus Valley: India China **All settled near rivers River Valley Civilizations

Ancient Egypt Geography: -Most of Egypt is a desert -People settled along the Nile River -Nile floods yearly leaving behind rich deposits in the land called SILT “Gift of the Nile” -Silt kept land fertile to grow crops -Nile also used for travel

UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT By 3200 B. C. , the villages of Egypt were under the rule of two separate kingdoms (Lower & Upper) Eventually the kingdoms were united under King Narmer created a double crown from the red and white crowns ------------------------------- to symbolize a unified kingdom Established the first Egyptian dynasty

Religion of Egypt • Egyptians were Polytheistic (believed in many gods) Ex) Believed in the sun god (Amon-Re) and the Nile River God (Osiris) • They believed the gods served specific functions • Built temples to worship their gods http: //www. history. com/topics/ancient-history/ancientegypt/videos/deconstructing-history-the-greatpyramid? m=528 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • Considered their leader (PHARAOH) a god • Believed in life after death: -buried dead -mummified dead to prepare them for afterlife https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_is_x 2 gpxt. U

Government • Egyptian Ruler Pharaoh (king and god) • When Pharaoh died he was buried in a pyramid • First they were mummified (organs removed), then placed in pyramids • Their possessions were placed around them • Power would usually pass down through the family • These ruling families were called DYNASTIES

Social Structure • Divided into classes (Class Structure) 1 st Class: Pharaoh 2 nd Class: Vizier – Pharaoh’s Advisors 3 rd Class: Nobles and Priests 4 th Class: Soldiers 5 th Class: Craftsman and Merchants 6 th Class (Bottom): Farmers And Slaves (Largest group) ** Social Mobility was possible Women: -More power than Other civilizations -Could Own Property -Business Deals -Get a Divorce

Contributions GOLDEN AGE: a period where great advancements and contributions are made in sciences and arts Egypt: 1. Mummification: to learn about the body, diagnose illnesses, perform surgery 2. Developed a modern calendar 3. Developed picture writing: Hieroglyphics 4. Created Pyramids (lasted thousands of years)

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • Invaders – About 1640 B. C. , Asian warriors, the Hyksos, use chariots to conquer Egypt. • Hebrews Migrate to Egypt – Hebrews move to Egypt from Canaan around 1650 B. C. – Egyptians resent the presence of Hebrews and Hyksos in Egypt. • Expulsion and Slavery – Egyptians drive out the hated Hyksos – Hebrews lose protection of Hyksos; are enslaved.

The New Kingdom of Egypt • Technological Advances – About 1570 to 1075 B. C. pharaohs create the New Kingdom, a powerful empire. – Army uses bronze weapons and chariots to conquer other lands. • Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule – Hatshepsut—pharaoh whose reign most noted for her trade expeditions, not war.

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • Thutmose the Empire Builder – Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, expands Egypt’s empire. – Invades Palestine, Syria, and Nubia—region around the upper Nile River. – Egypt is most powerful and wealthy during reign of the New Kingdom pharaohs.

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • The Egyptians and the Hittites – Around 1285 B. C. Egyptians battle the Hittites in Palestine – Egypt’s pharaoh, Ramses II, and the Hittite king sign a peace treaty. • An Age of Builders – New Kingdom pharaohs build great palaces, magnificent temples. – Valley of the Kings near Thebes is home to royal tombs. – Ramses II builds impressive temples with enormous statues of himself.

The Empire Declines • Invasions by Land Sea – “Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause great destruction in Egypt. – Libyan raids on villages and rebellions in Palestine weaken the empire. • Egypt’s Empire Fades – Weakened empire breaks into smaller kingdoms. – From around 950 B. C. to 730 B. C. Libyan pharaohs rule Egypt and erect cities.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Egypt and Kush – From 2000 to 1000 B. C. , Egypt dominates the kingdom of Kush in Nubia. • The People of Nubia – Live south of Egypt near division of the Blue Nile and the White Nile. – Nile River is a great trade route for goods and ideas. – Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to African interior through trade.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region (continued) • The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia – Egyptian culture influences Nubia and beyond to southern Africa. – About 1200 B. C. , Nubia gains independence but keeps Egyptian culture. • Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne – In 751 B. C. , Kushite king Piankhi conquers Egypt, ousts Libyans. – Assyrians overcome Kushites and take Egypt.

The Golden Age of Meroë • Meroë – Kushites settle in Meroë; join in trade with Africa, Arabia, and India • The Wealth of Kush – Meroë becomes important center of iron weapons and tools – Iron products transported to Red Sea, exchanged for luxury goods. • The Decline of Meroë – Meroë thrives from about 250 B. C. to A. D. 150, then declines. – Aksum, 400 miles southeast, dominates North African trade. – Askum has port on the Red Sea, and defeats Meroë in A. D. 350.

Work Time • R. A. F. T. (Role – Audience – Format –Theme) In Notebook complete: Role: You are a News Journalist Audience: People who read the Newspaper Format: An editorial (opinion) article for the paper Theme: Convince readers why understanding Egypt is still important, even thousands of years later **Show me when done for credit**