Ancient Egypt and Kush Chapter 4 The Nile

Ancient Egypt and Kush Chapter 4

The Nile � This river has been the 1)lifeline of civilization in Egypt since the 2)Stone Age. � 3)Climate change at the end of the most recent 4)ice age led to the formation of the 5)Sahara desert

The Nile � The Ancient 6)Egyptians cultivated and traded: • 7) Wheat • 8) Flax � Wheat was a crucial crop in the 9)Middle East. � Their 10)trading system secured Egypt's 11)diplomatic relationships with other countries. � It helped to create economic 12)stability.

The Nile � The 13)Greek historian Herodotus wrote that "Egypt was the 14)gift of the Nile". � It provided a 15)crucial role in the development of Egyptian 16)civilization.

The Nile � The Nile was an important part of ancient Egyptian 17)spiritual life. � The Nile was considered to be a 18)passageway from life to death and the 19)afterlife. � The 20)east was thought of as a place of 21)birth and growth. � The 22)west was considered the place of 23)death.

Mind Map � Your Topic is The Nile � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures � Brain. Pop-Pharaohs

Kings Unify Egypt � 24)Upper and 25)Lower Egypt were ruled by different kings from its birth to around 26)3100 B. C. . � In this year 27)Menes came to power in Upper 28)Egypt. � He was able to 29)combine both upper and lower Egypt into one 30)nation by using his 31) army to complete unification.

Kings Unify Egypt � He then took a 32)princess from lower Egypt as his wife. � During his rule he wore both the 33)white crown (upper) and 34)red crown (lower). � This later was combined into a 35)double crown.

The Dynasty of Pharaoh Menes � Menes became the First 36)Pharaoh of Egypt � The word Pharaoh means “ 37)Great House” � The Menes 38)family would rule after his death creating the first 39)dynasty of Egypt.

The Dynasty of Pharaoh Menes � Menes Created his 40)capital city at Memphis on the southern tip of the 41)Nile Delta. � This 42)first Dynasty lasted for about 43)200 years.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Menes � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures � King Menes

The Old Kingdom � This time included the 44)3 rd through 45)6 th dynasties. (2700 BC-2200 BC) � 46)Pharaohs duties grew during this period. � He hired 47)people to help him complete his 48)duties. � Most of these people came from his 49)family.

The Old Kingdom � 50)Khufu was the most famous of the 51)Pharaohs from the Old Kingdom. � He 52)reigned from 2589 to 2566 BC. � He was the 53)second pharaoh of the 54)Fourth Dynasty. � He is generally accepted as being the builder of the 55)Great Pyramid of Giza.

Mind Map � Your Topic is The Old Kingdom � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Great Pyramid of Giza � The Great Pyramid of 56)Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza 57)Necropolis � It is the oldest of the 58)Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. � 59)Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for Egyptian Pharaoh 60)Khufu.

Great Pyramid of Giza � It was the 61)tallest man-made structure in the world for over 62)3, 800 years, � It 63)believed that the pyramid was built by moving huge 64)stones from a quarry and dragging and 65)lifting them into place.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Pyramid of Giza � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures � Brain. Pop-Seven Wonders

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � Egyptian’s practiced 66)Polytheism (many gods) � They built 67)temples to the Gods all over Egypt. � There were over 68)2, 000 names of gods in Ancient Egypt.

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � Some 69)images of gods and goddesses show them with a 70)human body and the head of a 71)bird or an animal. � 72)Animals were chosen to represent the 73)powers of the god.

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � Their 74)religion is focused on the 75)afterlife. � Considered to be a “ 76)happy place. ” � This focused on the “ 77)Ka” or life force. � Upon death the Ka left the 78)body.

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � This 79)spirit however could not leave the 80)burial site. � The Ka has the same 81)needs as the person did in 82)life.

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � 83)Tombs were filled with what they considered 84)necessary for the Ka to live its 85)afterlife. � Some of the objects included: • • • 86)Furniture 87)Clothing 88)Tools 89)Jewelry 90)Weapons

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � The 91)family of the dead were expected to bring 92)food and 93)drink to the tomb so the Ka would not be 94)hungry or 95)thirsty.

Egyptian Religion and Afterlife � The 96)journey to the afterlife was thought to be 97)difficult trip. � Families would bury 98)maps and other things necessary to make the 99)journey.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Egyptian Afterlife � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Burial Practices of the Egyptians � Egyptians 100)belief that the body needed to be 101)preserved to avoid decay lead to 102)embalming and 103)mummification. � Only 104)royalty and other members of the elite could 105)afford this process.

Mummies � The 106)mummification process has two stages. � The first one is called 107)embalming. • This process cleans the body for the wrapping � The second stage is 108)wrapping • This part has a number of special steps, that must be followed.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Burial Practices � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Embalming � Step 1: The body is washed with 109) palm wine. � Step 2: The body is rinsed with water from the 110)Nile. � Step 3: A small 111)cut is made in the left side of the body. � Step 4: The internal organs are removed: • 112)Liver • 113)Lungs • 114)Small intestines • 115)large intestines

Embalming � Step 5: The 116)brains are removed. A long 117)hook inserted through the nose will pull the brains 118)out. � Step 6: The 119)body is covered and stuffed with 120)natron. This is known as the 121)drying stage.

Embalming � Step 7: Wait 122)forty days for the body to dry. � Step 8: The 123)body is washed with water from the Nile. � Step 9: The body is covered with 124)sweet smelling oils.

Embalming � Step 10: The body is 125)stuffed with dry things, such as: • 126)Sawdust • 127)Leaves • 128)Cloth � Step 11: The body is covered with more 129)oils. � Step 12: The internal 130)organs are put into the 131)canopic jars.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Embalming � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Wrapping � Step 1: The head and 132)neck are wrapped. � Step 2: The 133)fingers and toes are wrapped. � Step 3: The 134)arms and legs are wrapped. � Step 4: The sacred 135)amulets are placed • 136)The Isis knot • 137)The Plummet

Wrapping � Step 5: The 138)spells from the book of the dead are read. � Step 6: The arms and legs are 139)tied together. � Step 7: A 140)scroll is placed between the hands of the deceased. � Step 8: The full 141)body is wrapped. � Step 9: The body is 142)painted with liquid resin as glue.

Wrapping � Step 10: A cloth with 143)Osiris painted on it is wrapped around the body. � Step 11: A large 144)cloth is wrapped around the body. � Step 12: 145)Linen stripes are wrapped around the body to hold the cloth in place. � Step 13: The mummy is put in the first 146)coffin. � Step 14: The 147)mummy is put in the second coffin.

Wrapping � Step 15: The 148)funeral is held. � Step 16: The opening of the 149)mouth ceremony is performed. � Step 17: The mummy is put in the 150)sarcophagus. � Step 18: The mummy is put in its 151)final resting place, the 152)tomb.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Wrapping � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures � Brain. Pop-Mummies

The Rule of Mentuhotep � Around 2050 BC 153)Mentuhotep II came to power. � This 154)began the period known as the 155)Middle Kingdom. � This was a time of 156)stability for the region.

The Rule of Mentuhotep � This time period lasted until 157)1750 BC. � The fall of the kingdom was due to 158)internal disorder within the 159)nobles. � Also a group known as the 160)Hyksos from Asia had invaded parts of Egypt.

The Rule of Mentuhotep � The Hyksos were able to 161)capture the lower region and occupy it for 162)200 years. � This 163)ended the Middle Kingdom.

Mind Map � Your Topic is Mentuhotep � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

The New Kingdom � 164)Ahmose of the city of 165)Thebes expelled the Hyksos and took control of the 166)region. � This marks the beginning of the 167)18 th Dynasty. � This is the time of Egypt’s greatest 168)power.

The New Kingdom � During this time 169)Egyptian leaders wanted to avoid being 170)invaded ever again. � They 171)wanted to take control of any 172)invasion route in the region.

The New Kingdom � They 173)army of Egypt would take control of the following regions: • 174)Hyksos Homeland • 175)Syria • 176)Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea � This made Egypt the leading 177)military power in the region.

The New Kingdom � Military 178)conquest provided Egypt with great 179)wealth. � 180)Kings from the conquered regions would send items to the 181)Pharaoh to maintain good relations with him.

The New Kingdom � The growth of the 182)empire through military force also opened up new 183)trade routes. � Many regions that were 184)unknown to the kingdom were now 185)part of the empire.

The New Kingdom � 186)Trade became a major part of the economy. � When 187)Queen Hatshepsut came to power she 188)promoted trade. � Under her 189)rule the trading routes opened: • 190)Red Sea • 191)Asia Minor • 192)Greece

The New Kingdom � She would use 193)money made in the trade to support the growth of 194)arts and 195)architecture. � She had impressive 196)monuments and temples built during her 197)reign.

Mind Map � Your Topic is The New Kingdom � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Ramses The Great 198)Ramses II also known as Ramses the Great � The 199)third Egyptian pharaoh (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC) of the 200)Nineteenth dynasty � He is often regarded as the 201)greatest, most celebrated, and most 202)powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. �

Ramses The Great � His 203)successors and later Egyptians called him the “ 204)Great Ancestor". � He led several 205)military expeditions that showed off his power.

Ramses The Great � At age 206)fourteen, he was appointed Prince 207)Regent by his father. � He is believed to have taken the 208)throne in his late teens. � He ruled Egypt from 1279 BC to 1213 BC for 209)66 years and 2 months.

Ramses The Great � The early part of his 210)reign was focused on building: • 211)Cities • 212)Temples • 213)Monuments � He established the city of 214)Pi-Ramses in the Nile Delta

Ramses The Great � He 215)died at just over 90 years old. � He had 216)outlived many of his wives and children and left great 217)memorials all over Egypt

Mind Map � Your Topic is Ramses The Great � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

Cleopatra the last Pharaoh � 218)Cleopatra VII was the last pharaoh of 219)Ancient Egypt. � She was a member of the 220)Ptolemaic Dynasty � Her family was of 221)Greek origin

Cleopatra the last Pharaoh � She 222)originally ruled jointly with her 223)father Ptolemy XII � Later she would rule along side her 224)brothers � Eventually she became 225)sole ruler. � As pharaoh, she had a relationship with 226)Julius Caesar

Cleopatra the last Pharaoh � She was a 227)quick- witted woman who was fluent in 228)nine languages � She was a 229)mathematician and a very good businesswoman

Cleopatra the last Pharaoh � Her 230)death (suicide) was the mark of the end of the Egyptian 231)Monarchs. � The 232)Roman Emperors were left to rule the region. � Cleopatra was the last 233)Pharaoh of Egypt. � Brain. Po. P-Cleopatra

Mind Map � Your Topic is Cleopatra � Fill in all 6 bubbles � Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures