Ancient Egypt 1 How did the Neolithic Revolution

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Ancient Egypt 1. How did the Neolithic Revolution lead to the first advanced civilizations?

Ancient Egypt 1. How did the Neolithic Revolution lead to the first advanced civilizations? 2. What are some characteristics all civilizations share?

Geography -mostly desert (isolation) -People settled along the Nile River (predictably flooded) “Gift of

Geography -mostly desert (isolation) -People settled along the Nile River (predictably flooded) “Gift of the Nile” - Yearly floods, left fertile black mud called silt - fishing - irrigation ditches - worshipped as a god • drawbacks of Nile - too little flooding = drought - too much flooding = property damage

Egypt Unites • at first, 2 separate kingdoms - Upper (south) Egypt higher elevation

Egypt Unites • at first, 2 separate kingdoms - Upper (south) Egypt higher elevation ended at first cataract - Lower (north) Egypt near the Med Sea, includes Nile delta (mouth of the river) • Nile allowed for transportation unified villages promoted trade • unified by King Narner

Gov’t and Religion • Egyptian Ruler Pharaoh (king and god) • polytheistic (many gods)

Gov’t and Religion • Egyptian Ruler Pharaoh (king and god) • polytheistic (many gods) - each served specific function - believed in afterlife • built pyramids to honor gods and burial sites http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2 z. U 0 Vv-Gaq. M • at death of pharaoh - mummified (organs removed) - possessions placed around them https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_is_x 2 gpxt. U • power passed down through ruling families dynasties

Social Structure • Divided into classes (Class Structure) 1 st Class: Pharaoh 2 nd

Social Structure • Divided into classes (Class Structure) 1 st Class: Pharaoh 2 nd Class: Vizier – Pharaoh’s Advisors 3 rd Class: Nobles and Priests 4 th Class: Soldiers 5 th Class: Craftsman and Merchants 6 th Class Farmers and Laborers 7 th slaves (Largest group) ** Social Mobility was possible Women: -More power than Other civilizations -Could Own Property -Business Deals -Get a Divorce

Contributions GOLDEN AGE: a period where great advancements and contributions are made in sciences

Contributions GOLDEN AGE: a period where great advancements and contributions are made in sciences and arts Egypt: 1. Biology: learn about body, diagnose illnesses, perform surgery 2. Developed modern calendar 3. Hieroglyphics pictograph form of writing 4. papyrus: form of paper made from plants 5. Created Pyramids (lasted thousands of years)

Homework • R. A. F. T. (Role – Audience – Format –Theme) Role: You

Homework • R. A. F. T. (Role – Audience – Format –Theme) Role: You are a News Journalist Audience: People who read the Newspaper Format: An editorial (opinion) article for the paper Theme: Convince readers why understanding Egypt is still important, even thousands of years later

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • Invaders – About 1640 B. C. , Asian warriors,

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • Invaders – About 1640 B. C. , Asian warriors, the Hyksos, use chariots to conquer Egypt • Hebrews Migrate to Egypt – Hebrews move to Egypt from Canaan around 1650 B. C. – Egyptians resent the presence of Hebrews and Hyksos in Egypt • Expulsion and Slavery – Egyptians drive out the hated Hyksos – Hebrews lose protection of Hyksos; are enslaved.

The New Kingdom of Egypt • Technological Advances – About 1570 to 1075 B.

The New Kingdom of Egypt • Technological Advances – About 1570 to 1075 B. C. pharaohs create the New Kingdom, a powerful empire. – Army uses bronze weapons and chariots to conquer other lands • Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule – Hatshepsut—pharaoh whose reign most noted for her trade expeditions, not war.

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • Thutmose the Empire Builder – Thutmose III,

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • Thutmose the Empire Builder – Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, expands Egypt’s empire. – Invades Palestine, Syria, and Nubia—region around the upper Nile River. – Egypt is most powerful and wealthy during reign of the New Kingdom pharaohs

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • An Age of Builders – New Kingdom

The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued) • An Age of Builders – New Kingdom pharaohs build great palaces, magnificent temples – Valley of the Kings near Thebes is home to royal tombs – Ramses II builds impressive temples with enormous statues of himself

The Empire Declines • Invasions by Land Sea – “Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause

The Empire Declines • Invasions by Land Sea – “Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause great destruction in Egypt – Libyan raids on villages and rebellions in Palestine weaken the empire • Egypt’s Empire Fades – Weakened empire breaks into smaller kingdoms. – From around 950 B. C. to 730 B. C. Libyan pharaohs rule Egypt and erect cities.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Egypt and Kush – From 2000 to

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Egypt and Kush – From 2000 to 1000 B. C. , Egypt dominates the kingdom of Kush in Nubia • The People of Nubia – south of Egypt near division of the Blue Nile and the White Nile – Nile great trade route for goods and ideas – Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to African interior through trade

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region (continued) • The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region (continued) • The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia – Egyptian culture influences Nubia and beyond to southern Africa – About 1200 B. C. , Nubia gains independence but keeps Egyptian culture. • Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne – In 751 B. C. , Kushite king Piankhi conquers Egypt, – Assyrians overcome Kushites and take Egypt.

The Golden Age of Meroë • Meroë – Kushites settle in Meroë; join in

The Golden Age of Meroë • Meroë – Kushites settle in Meroë; join in trade with Africa, Arabia, and India • The Wealth of Kush – Meroë becomes important center of iron weapons and tools – Iron products transported to Red Sea, exchanged for luxury goods