Ancient Africa Chapter 8 J Mikell Phoenix 22409

Ancient Africa Chapter 8 J. Mikell Phoenix 2/24/09 Dr. Linebarger Power Point Presentation

Ancient African history n Ancient Africa - beginning of civilization - Kemet - Nile Valley

The Nile valley n The primary evidence of early agriculture, architecture, engineering, language, writing, philosophy, science and religion began n Extends over 4, 000 miles n River system is the world’s longest waterway n Nile River flows south to north

Kemet n Began in the ancient city of Nubia n Re-discovered on March 1, 1979 by professors Keith Seele and Bruce Williams. n They discovered more than 5, 000 artifacts during the digs in ancient Nubia.

The accomplishments of Kemet n Great influence on the arts and sciences - Relationship of sun, stars and moon - Stellar, lunar and solar calendars - Predicted eclipses - Identified five planets - Divided year into three seasons

Kemet symbols and their symbolic meaning n The lion was a symbol of great importance in the Nile valley and has had a profound influence on contemporary society. n The benu bird is an ancient mythical symbol which represents the regeneration of the soul. n The myth of Ausar (Osiris) was the earliest record story of a god-man who was symbolically crucified, resurrected from death and reigned eternally in heaven.

Great Pharaohs and Queens n n King Tutankhamen Ramesses the Great Nefertiti Hatshepsut

King Tutankhamen n Boy king Egyptian pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty His original name, Tutankhaten q means "Living Image of Aten”

Ramesses the great n reigned for 67 years during the 19 th dynasty of the 12 th century BC q q also known as a peace-maker and for the monuments he left behind all over Egypt. He was the first king in history to sign a peace treaty with his enemies, the Hittites, ending long years of wars and hostility.

The symbols on the dollar bill and their relation to Ancient Africa n A Frenchman named Pierre Du Simitiere introduced the shield, E Pluribus Unum q q n The final design submitted by the committee was rejected q q n the roman numerals MDCCLXXVI which mean 1776 the eye within the triangle. second committee was formed in January of 1777. Francis Hopkins proposed the pyramid, an olive branch and a radiant constellation of the thirteen stars. No favorable action was taken on these designs and a third committee was formed. q q q The third committee and final committee met on may 4 1782. secretary of congress Charles Thompson appointed William Barton as chief artistic consultant. These two men borrowed and modified the ideas from the two previous committees and finalized the designs that ultimately grace the obverse and reversed of the official great seal.

The Caduceus n a symbol representing a variety of disciplines in the medical profession. n associated with the Roman god Mercury and his Greek predecessor Hermes. n is referred to as the “Staff of Hermes”. Mercury and Hermes evolved from the Nile valley Netcher Djhuiti, who was associated with medicine. Djhuiti is found holding a staff with a cobra intertwined around it in Africa n n

Imhotep n n n The father of medicine Great architect q designed Djoser's tomb n a step pyramid in Saqqara that's considered the world's oldest stone building. Was a priest and high government official q Egyptian Third Dynasty king Djoser

Nefertiti n n One of the greatest queens in Egyptian history Wife of Akhenaten during the Eighteenth Dynasty.

Hatshepsut n n the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. reigned longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty.

My Sources n n n www. mnsu. Edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/hi story/history/people/nefertiti. html En. wikipedia. org/wiki/tutankhamun www. Touregypt. net/featurestories/treaty. htm Http: //www. sullivanet. com/mummy/historicimhotep Nile Valley Contributions to Civilizations by Anthony T. Browder