ANCIENT ACHIEVEMENTS ARTS SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE WHAT SHOULD I

ANCIENT ACHIEVEMENTS: ARTS, SCIENCE & INFRASTRUCTURE

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ACHIEVEMENTS? 1. The ______ and ________of a civilization are reflected in their artistic and scientific achievements. 2. People _________ their culture through achievements that help them meet their ___________.

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ACHIEVEMENTS? 3. The achievements of _____ civilizations continue to _______ and _____ the development of _____ civilizations, like out own. 4. ______provide _________and _________of a civilization’s

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? Art and literature reflect important cultural values such as: • ______________________

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? 1. Examples of how ancient art reflected __________include: • African masks • Greek & Roman temples and columns • Egyptian burial masks and tombs • Chines tombs & Terra Cotta soldiers

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? 2. Examples of how ancient art reflected _______include: • The “Golden Age” of Greece – columns, statues, idealized human forms • Chinese crafts such as porcelain & silk

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? 3. Examples of how ancient art reflected _____________include: • Roman family history and records such as Roman busts and statues of ancestors & famous heroes • Egypt’s “Palette of Narmer” carved with the king’s battles and victories • Chinese crafts such as porcelain & silk were important to the economy

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? 4. Examples of how ancient art reflected the _________include: • Roman family life such as wall paintings and mosaics at Pompeii. • Egypt’s tomb paintings • African jewelry

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT ART & LITERATURE? 5. Literature ________________ of its culture. Examples of Literature in Ancient Civilizations: • Mesopotamia- The Epic of Gilgamesh • Greece- The Illiad, The Odessey, and Greek Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT SCIENCE & MATH? Civilizations made advancements and developed inventions in ______________to satisfy the need to _____________.

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT SCIENCE & MATH? • 1. ____________was used as a way to answer the questions of the unknown and bridge the gap between the gods and the real world. Civilization Examples: • Islamic Empire -advanced surgeries, use of anesthesia, creation of medical encyclopedias • Rome -Galen studied and explained the circulatory and respiratory systems, importance of personal hygiene • India - Yoga developed to exercise the mind and body, wrote textbooks on the human body and cause of diseases • Egypt -advanced surgeries, treatment of wounds, understanding of diseases and herbal remedies

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT SCIENCE & MATH? 2. ________: was used to study relationships, patterns in life and to calculate various aspects to perform tasks in every field. Civilization Examples: • Mesopotamia - base-60 system used in time - 60 seconds/minute and in measurement - 360* in a circle. They also kept detailed records • Greece -Pythagoras studied the measurement of angles, Archimedes studied physics and the value of pi, Euclid studied and advanced the field of geometry • India - concept of zero, symbols for math operations • Egypt -standardized units of measurement • Islamic Empire -concepts of algebra, use of Arabic numerals still used

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT SCIENCE & MATH? 3. ________: was used to observe and document changes in the world, Civilizations charted the stars, measured time, seasons and tracked natural phenomena. The measurement of time held both religious and practical uses. Civilization Examples: • Egypt - tracking the solstices for growing seasons • India - heliocentric theory, understanding that the sun is a star • Maya - tracking constellations for growing seasons, ritual and solar calendars • Mesopotamia - tracking constellations for growing seasons • Islamic Empire - used to schedule religious festivals, determining latitude and longitude

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT SCIENCE & MATH? 4. ________was used to advance the military and gain control over enemies and expand territory. Over time, many civilizations utilized metallurgy to create stronger weapons. Civilization Examples: • China - invention of gunpowder, crossbow • Greece - phalanx fighting formation, trireme battleship • Rome - use of chariots, metallurgy: shields, swords, spears • Mesopotamia - use of bronze weapons, chariots

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE ? 1. Infrastructure is the basic __________ a society needs to function and grow strong. 2. A society’s infrastructure is based upon its needs, , its geography, and its resources.

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE ? 3. Types of Infrastructure & Where It Was Found: • ______: Rome, the Inca’s • _____: Greece, Rome, China, the Inca’s • ______: Mesopotamia, Aztecs, Egypt • ___________: Rome, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley