ANATOMYSKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES ANATOMYSKELETAL SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM INTRODUCTION • What do you think classification means with regard to bones? • Grouping bone together • How do you think bones are classified? • Shape
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM OBJECTIVES • Students will be able to: • Define terms that are used to classify bones. • Identify the characteristics of bone. • Identify the function of bone. • Identify the classification of bones. • Label the parts of long bones.
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY • Metabolism • Chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life • Bone marrow • Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-CHARACTERISTICS • Bone tissue is very active material that is continually being broken down and reconstructed • Responds to use and disuse • Physical activity places stress on the bone causing it to thicken & strengthen (hypertrophy) • Lack of physical activity causes bone to become thinner & weaker (atrophy)
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-CHARACTERISTICS • Bone tissue is very active material • Produce blood cells & store minerals • Compact Bone • hard outer layer of bone (very strong) • Spongy (Cancellous) Bone • inside of the compact bone
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-FUNCTION • Support • Gives form and shape for body structures • Head, face, thorax, limbs • Supports softer underlying tissues • Supports weight of the body
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-FUNCTION • Protection • Skull protects eyes, ears, brain • Ribs protect heart, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys • Pelvic girdle protects internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder • Vertebral column protects spinal cord
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-FUNCTION • Movement • Bone serves as a point of attachment for muscles making movement possible • Bones & muscles function together as levers
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-FUNCTION • Supply • Bone marrow makes blood cells
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-FUNCTION • Supply • Stores minerals • Calcium (Ca) • Blood clot formation • Nerve function • Muscle function • Metabolic processes • Bone strength • Phosphorus (P) • Metabolic processes
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-SHAPE • Long Bones • Longer than they are wide • Expanded ends • Humerus, radius, ulna • Femur, tibia, fibula • Metacarpals • Metatarsals • Phalanges
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-SHAPE • Short Bones • Cube shaped • Carpals • Tarsals
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-SHAPE • Flat Bones • Broad, thinner, plate like bones • Skull • Scapula • Ilium • Ribs • Sternum
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-SHAPE • Irregular Bones • Vary in shape & size • Vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx • Zygomatic • Mandible • Maxilla
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-SHAPE • Sesamoid Bones • Bone imbedded in a tendon • Protect tendon • Increase mechanical effect • Patella • 1 st MP joint
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES • Epiphysis • Expanded ends of long bones • Outer layer of compact bone • Internal bone made up of cancellous (spongy) bone • New cartilage made • Red marrow
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES • Articular cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Covers epiphysis • Articulates with adjacent bone • Smooth & slippery • Milk glass • Cushion • Poor blood supply
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES • Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate) • Layer of cartilage • Where cartilage turns to bone • Causes bone to grow in length
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES • Diaphysis • Shaft of the bone • Compact bone surrounding a hollow cavity • Medullary Cavity • Yellow bone marrow • Fat
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES • Periosteum • Tough, strong membrane that covers the bone • Does not cover the articular cartilage • Rich blood supply
ANATOMY-SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES-LONG BONES Epiphysis Spongy Bone Compact Bone Diaphysis Medullary Cavity Spongy Bone Epiphyseal Plate Epiphysis Articula r Cartilag e
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