ANATOMYMUSCULAR SYSTEM Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Function November 6

ANATOMYMUSCULAR SYSTEM Skeletal Muscle Characteristics & Function November 6, 2017

Introduction • How many skeletal muscles can you identify? • What is a concentric contraction? • Eccentric contraction? • Isometric contraction?

Objectives • Students will be able to: – Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments & action

Face • Origin – Zygomatic arch • Insertion – Mandible • Action – Closes the jaw – Raises the mandible

Masseter • The Chewing Muscle! • How would we CONTRACT this muscle?

Neck Muscle • Sternocleidomastoid – Sterno – Sternum – Cleido – Clavicle – Mastoid Process • Origin – Sternum (near manubrium) – Clavicle (medial end) • Insertion – Mastoid Process

Sternocleidomastoid • Action 1. Bilaterally, Flex Cervical 2. Unilaterally, rotation to same side

Abdominals • Rectus Abdominis • Origin – Pubis • Insertion – Xiphoid process – Costal cartilage (5 -7)

Rectus Abdominus • Action – Compresses abdominal cavity – Flexion of trunk

Upper Extremity Muscles • Trapezius • Origin – Occipital – Spinous process C 7 -T 12 • Insertion – Lateral clavicle – Scapular spine

Trapezius • Action – – Shrugs Elevation Depression Retraction Stabilizes scapula Upright Row • What exercises could someone do to work their traps? Scap Retraction with bands

Upper Extremity • Latissimus Dorsi • Origin – Spinous process T 6 -S 5 – Iliac crest • Insertion – Medial humerus

Latissimus Dorsi • Action – Extension @ shoulder – Adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity • Pectoralis Major • Origin – Medial clavicle – Sternum – Costal cartilage (1 -6) • Insertion – Proximal Humerus

Pectoralis Major • Action – Flexion – Adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity • Deltoid - Anterior • Origin – Lateral clavicle • Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Anterior Deltoid • Action – Flexion – Horizontal adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity • Deltoid - Middle • Origin – Acromion process • Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Middle Deltoid • Action – Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees

Upper Extremity • Deltoid - Posterior • Origin – Scapular spine • Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Posterior Deltoid • Action – Extension – Horizontal abduction of humerus

Flash Card Time! • Make Flash Cards for the following: • Masseter • Sternocleidomastoid • Rectus Abdominus • Trapezius • Latissimus Dorsi • Pectoralis Major • Deltoid – Anterior – Middle On one side: Name – Posterior On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Rotator Cuff Muscles • They originate on the scapula & insert on the humeral head n 4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff: n Supraspinatus n Infraspinatus n Teres Minor n Subscapularis • They hold the head of the humerus IN the Glenoid fossa of the scapula. – Keep shoulder in socket.

Supraspinatus • Origin: – Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula • Insertion – Greater Tubercle of Humerus • Action – Abduction of humerus – Stabilize head of humerus

Supraspinatus in Action! • Laying a ball up in basketball • Jumping Jack – Abduction of shoulder

Infraspinatus • Origin – Infraspinous fossa of scapula • Insertion – Greater tubercle of humerus • Action – Lateral rotation of humerus • Or External Rotation – Stabilize head of humerus • What view is this picture?

Infraspinatus in Action!

Teres Minor • Origin – Lateral boarder of scapula • Insertion – Greater tubercle of humerus • Action – Lateral rotation of humerus • External Rotation – Stabilize head of humerus

Teres Minor in Action! • Much like the Infraspinatus…working on lateral rotation exercises enhances this muscle • What other sports would need to strengthen their teres minor?

Subscapularis • Origin – Subscapular fossa of scapula • Insertion – Lesser tubercle of humerus • Action – Medial rotation of humerus • Internal rotation – Stabilize head of humerus

Actions of Rotator Cuff • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres minor • Subscapularis Abduction n External Rotation n External rotation n Internal Rotation n

Biceps Brachii • Origin – Short Head-coracoid process – Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula • Insertion – Radial tuberosity • Action – Flexion of elbow

Biceps in Action • Discuss: – Eccentrically Contract – Isometrically Contract

Triceps Brachii • Origin – Long Head • Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula – Lateral Head • Posterior humerus – Medial Head • Posterior humerus • Insertion – Olecranon process of ulna • Action – Extension of elbow

Triceps In Action!

Skeletal Muscle • Make Flash Cards for the following: • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis • Biceps Brachii On one side: Name • Triceps Brachii On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Muscles of the Thigh • The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the knee – What movements can the hip and knee joint perform? • What muscles/muscle group do you know?

Gluteus Maximus • Origin – Posterior sacrum & ilium • Insertion – Gluteal tuberosity of femur • Action – Extension of femur/hip – External Rotation of hip

Glute Strength • Squats are known to help build glute strength… • What other exercises would concentrically contract this muscle?

Hamstrings • Biceps Femoris • Origin – Long head-ischial tuberosity – Short head-posterior femur • Insertion – Head of fibula • Action – Extension of hip – Flexion of the knee

Hamstrings • Semitendinosus • Origin – Ischial tuberosity • Insertion – Anterior tibia • Action – Extension of hip – Flexion of the knee

Hamstrings • Semimembranosus • Origin – Ischial tuberosity • Insertion – Posterior medial tibia • Action – Extension of hip – Flexion of the knee

Hamstrings O: Ischial tuberosity I: Fibula & Tibia A: Flex knee Extend hip Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

Hamstrings • Biceps Femoris • Semitendinosus • Semimembranosus

Quadriceps • Rectus Femoris • Origin – Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) • Insertion – Tibial tuberosity • Action – Extension of the knee – Hip flexion

Quadriceps • Vastus Lateralis • Origin – Femur • Insertion – Tibial tuberosity • Action – Extension of the knee

Quadriceps • Vastus Medialis • Origin – Femur • Insertion – Tibial tuberosity • Action – Extension of the knee

Quadriceps • Vastus Intermedius • Origin – Anterior femur • Insertion – Tibial tuberosity • Action – Extension of the knee

Lower Extremity • • Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius

Skeletal Muscle • Make Flash Cards for the following: • Gluteus Maximus • Hamstrings – Biceps Femoris – Semitendinosus – Semimembranosus • Quads – Rectus Femoris – Vastus Lateralis On one side: Name – Vastus Medialis – Vastus Intermedialis On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Final Chapter! • This last group of muscles is the end of this muscle segment. • So far we have identified: – Face and Neck – Shoulders and Back – Abs and Glutes – Hamstrings and Quads • Today will be the muscles of the low leg – What is one muscle group that you already know? • Calf Muscles • Why do you think they call them the calves? – I have no idea!!

Lower Extremity • Tibialis Anterior • Origin – Lateral condyle of tibia • Insertion – Plantar surface of 1 st metatarsal • Action – Dorsiflexion • Recall…. what does this mean? – Inversion of ankle • Recall…. what does this mean?

Dorsiflexion & Inversion Pointing toes out: EVERSION Pulling toes up: DORSIFLEXION Pointing toes down: Plantarflexion Pointing toes in: Inversion

Lower Extremity • Peroneus Longus • Origin – Proximal fibula • Insertion – Plantar surface of 1 st metatarsal • Action – Eversion of ankle

Lower Extremity • Peroneus Brevis • Origin – Distal fibula • Insertion – Base of 5 th metatarsal • Action – Eversion of ankle

Eversion Exercises • A commonly used rehab tool are resistance bands • Eversion exercises strengthen the Peroneus Longus

Lower Extremity • Soleus • Origin – Upper tibia – Posterior fibula • Insertion – Calcaneus (Heel Bone) • Action – Plantarflexion of ankle

Lower Extremity • Gastrocnemius • Origin – Medial head-medial epicondyle of femur – Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur • Insertion – Calcaneus (Heel Bone) • Action – Plantarflexion of ankle • This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus

Gastrocnemius vs. Soleus To isolate the SOLEUS To isolate the GASTROC

Skeletal Muscle • Make Flash Cards for the following: • Tibialis Anterior • Peroneus Longus • Peroneus Brevis • Soleus • Gastrocnemius On one side: Name On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

• Masseter • Sternocleidomastoid • Rectus Abdominus • Trapezius Skeletal Muscle List of muscles learned Name Origin, Insertion & Action • Latissimus Dorsi • Tibialis Anterior • Pectoralis Major • Peroneus Longus • Deltoid • Peroneus Brevis • Soleus • • • Gastrocnemius Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings – Biceps Femoris – Semitendinosus – Semimembranosus Quads – Rectus Femoris – Vastus Lateralis – Vastus Medialis – Vastus Intermedialis – Anterior – Middle – Posterior • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis • Biceps Brachii • Triceps Brachii •

Skeletal Muscle