AnatomyMuscular System Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Function Bellwork What

Anatomy-Muscular System Skeletal Muscle Characteristics & Function

Bellwork What is a concentric contraction? n Eccentric contraction? n Isometric contraction? n

Objectives n Students will be able to: n Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments & action

Terminology n Dorsiflexion n Upward bending of the foot n Pulling toes up

Terminology n Plantar Flexion n Downward bending of the foot n Pointing toes Dancers primarily plantarflex

Face Origin n Zygomatic arch n Insertion n Mandible n Action n Closes the jaw n Raises the mandible n

Masseter n The Chewing Muscle! n How would we CONTRACT this muscle?

Neck Muscle n Sternocleidomastoid n n n Sterno – Sternum Cleido – Clavicle Mastoid – Mastoid Process Origin n Sternum (near manubrium) n Clavicle (medial end) Insertion n Mastoid Process

Sternocleidomastoid n Action 1. Bilaterally, Flex Cervical 2. Unilaterally, rotation to opposite side

Abdominals Rectus Abdominis n Origin n Pubis n Insertion n Xiphoid process n Costal cartilage (5 -7) n

Rectus Abdominus n Action n Compresses abdominal cavity n Flexion of trunk

Upper Extremity Muscles n n n Trapezius Origin n Occipital n Spinous process C 7 -T 12 Insertion n Lateral clavicle n Scapular spine

Trapezius n Action n Elevation n Depression n Retraction n Stabilizes scapula Shrugs Upright Row n What exercises could someone do to work their traps? Scap Retraction with bands

Upper Extremity Latissimus Dorsi n Origin n Spinous process T 6 -S 5 n Iliac crest n Insertion n Medial humerus n

Latissimus Dorsi n Action n Extension @ shoulder n Adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity Pectoralis Major n Origin n Medial clavicle n Sternum n Costal cartilage (1 -6) n Insertion n Proximal Humerus n

Pectoralis Major n Action n Flexion n Adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity Deltoid - Anterior n Origin n Lateral clavicle n Insertion n Deltoid tuberosity of humerus n

Anterior Deltoid n Action n Flexion n Horizontal adduction of humerus

Upper Extremity Deltoid - Middle n Origin n Acromion process n Insertion n Deltoid tuberosity of humerus n

Middle Deltoid n Action n Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees

Upper Extremity Deltoid - Posterior n Origin n Scapular spine n Insertion n Deltoid tuberosity of humerus n

Posterior Deltoid n Action n Extension n Horizontal abduction of humerus

Bellwork n Pectoralis Major n n Rectus Abdominus n n O: I: A: O: I: A Masseter n n n O: I: A:

Flash Card Time! n n n n Make Flash Cards for the following: Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Rectus Abdominus Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Deltoid n n n Anterior Middle Posterior On one side: Name On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Rotator Cuff Muscles n 4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff: n Supraspinatus n Infraspinatus n Teres Minor n Subscapularis n They originate on the scapula & insert on the humeral head n They hold the head of the humerus IN the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula. n Keep shoulder in socket.

Supraspinatus n Origin: n n Insertion n n Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula Greater Tubercle of Humerus Action Abduction of humerus n Stabilize head of humerus n

Supraspinatus in Action! n Laying a ball up in basketball n Jumping Jack n Abduction of shoulder

Infraspinatus n n n Origin n Infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion n Greater tubercle of humerus Action n Lateral rotation of humerus n Or External Rotation n n Stabilize head of humerus What view is this picture?

Infraspinatus in Action!

Teres Minor n n n Origin n Lateral boarder of scapula Insertion n Greater tubercle of humerus Action n Lateral rotation of humerus n External Rotation n Stabilize head of humerus

Teres Minor in Action! n Much like the Infraspinatus…working on lateral rotation exercises enhances this muscle n What other sports would need to strengthen their teres minor?

Subscapularis n n n Origin n Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion n Lesser tubercle of humerus Action n Medial rotation of humerus n Internal rotation n Stabilize head of humerus

Actions of Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus n Infraspinatus n Teres minor n Subscapularis n Abduction n External Rotation n External rotation n Internal Rotation n

Biceps Brachii n n n Origin n Short Head-coracoid process n Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion n Radial tuberosity Action n Flexion of elbow

Biceps in Action n Discuss: Eccentrically Contract n Isometrically Contract n

Triceps Brachii n Origin n Long Head n n Lateral Head n n n Posterior humerus Medial Head n n Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Posterior humerus Insertion n Olecranon process of ulna Action n Extension of elbow

Tricpes In Action!

Skeletal Muscle n n n n On one side: Name Make Flash Cards for the following: Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Muscles of the Thigh n The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the knee n n What movements can the hip and knee joint perform? What muscles/muscle group do you know?

Gluteus Maximus Origin n Posterior sacrum & ilium n Insertion n Gluteal tuberosity of femur n Action n Extension of femur/hip n External Rotation of hip n

Glute Strength Squats are known to help build glute strength… n What other exercises would concentrically contract this muscle? n

Hamstrings n n Biceps Femoris Origin n Long head-ischial tuberosity n Short head-posterior femur Insertion n Head of fibula Action n Extension of hip n Flexion of the knee

Hamstrings Semitendinosus n Origin n Ischial tuberosity n Insertion n Anterior tibia n Action n Extension of hip n Flexion of the knee n

Hamstrings Semimembranosus n Origin n Ischial tuberosity n Insertion n Posterior medial tibia n Action n Extension of hip n Flexion of the knee n

Hamstrings O: Ischial tuberosit y I: Fibula & Tibia A: Flex knee Extend hip Biceps Femoris Semimembranosu s Semitendinos us

Hamstrings Biceps Femoris n Semitendinosus n Semimembranosus n

Quadriceps Rectus Femoris n Origin n Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) n Insertion n Tibial tuberosity n Action n Extension of the knee n Hip flexion n

Quadriceps Vastus Lateralis n Origin n Femur n Insertion n Tibial tuberosity n Action n Extension of the knee n

Quadriceps Vastus Medialis n Origin n Femur n Insertion n Tibial tuberosity n Action n Extension of the knee n

Quadriceps Vastus Intermedius n Origin n Anterior femur n Insertion n Tibial tuberosity n Action n Extension of the knee n

Lower Extremity Rectus Femoris n Vastus Lateralis n Vastus Medialis n Vastus Intermedius n

Skeletal Muscle n n n Make Flash Cards for the following: Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings n n Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Quads Rectus Femoris n Vastus Lateralis n Vastus Medialis n Vastus Intermedialis n On one side: Name On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Final Chapter! n n This last group of muscles is the end of this muscle segment. So far we have identified: n n Face and Neck Shoulders and Back Abs and Glutes Hamstrings and Quads n Today will be the muscles of the low leg n What is one muscle group that you already know? n Calf Muscles n Why do you think they call them the calves? n I have no idea!!

Lower Extremity n n Tibialis Anterior Origin n Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion n Plantar surface of 1 st metatarsal Action n Dorsiflexion n Recall…. what does this mean? n Inversion of ankle n Recall…. what does this mean?

Dorsiflexion & Inversion Pointing toes out: EVERSION Pulling toes up: DORSIFLEXION Pointing toes down: Plantarflexion Pointing toes in: Inversion

Lower Extremity Peroneus Longus n Origin n Proximal fibula n Insertion n Plantar surface of 1 st metatarsal n Action n n Eversion of ankle

Lower Extremity Peroneus Brevis n Origin n Distal fibula n Insertion n Base of 5 th metatarsal n Action n n Eversion of ankle

Eversion Exercises A commonly used rehab tool are resistance bands n Eversion exercises strengthen the Peroneus Longus n

Lower Extremity Soleus n Origin n Upper tibia n Posterior fibula n Insertion n Calcaneus (Heel Bone) n Action n n Plantarflexion of ankle

Lower Extremity n n Gastrocnemius Origin n Medial head-medial epicondyle of femur n Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur Insertion n Calcaneus (Heel Bone) Action n n Plantarflexion of ankle This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus

Gastrocnemius vs. Soleus To isolate the GASTROC To isolate the SOLEUS

Skeletal Muscle n n n Make Flash Cards for the following: Tibialis Anterior Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Soleus Gastrocnemius On one side: Name On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Skeletal Muscle List of muscles learned Name Origin, Insertion & Action n n n Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Rectus Abdominus Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Deltoid n Anterior n Middle n Posterior Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii n n n n Tibialis Anterior Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Soleus Gastrocnemius Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings n Biceps Femoris n Semitendinosus n Semimembranosus Quads n Rectus Femoris n Vastus Lateralis n Vastus Medialis n Vastus Intermedialis

Skeletal Muscle