ANATOMY study of the parts of the body

ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body

PHYSIOLOGY • – function of the body

ANATOMICAL POSITION • – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

Anatomic Terminology – Position and Direction • ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of • POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of

• CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body • CAUDAL – means tail end

• SUPERIOR – upper or above something • INFERIOR – lower or below something

• MEDIAL – toward the middle • LATERAL – toward the side of the body

• PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body • DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body

• DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body • SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body

Body Planes and Sections • PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes • SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

SAGITTAL PLANE • – divides the body into right and left parts

CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE • – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

TRANSVERSE PLANE • – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

Cavities of the Body • DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – • the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY • and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY.

ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY • contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES

Thoracic cavity Contains the lungs and heart

ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

PELVIC CAVITY • contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Rt. Hypochondriac Rt. Lumbar Rt. Inguinal Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Lt. hypochondriac Lt. Lumbar Lt. Inguinal

TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function

EPITHELIAL TISSUE • – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions

CONNECTIVE TISSUE • – supports and connects organs and tissue

MUSCLE TISSUE • – has the ability to contract and move the body

NERVOUS TISSUE • – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

ADIPOSE TISSUE • – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells

LIGAMENTS • – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints

TENDONS • – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone

CARTILAGE • – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

MEMBRANES • – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid

MUCOUS MEMBRANES • – lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

SEROUS MEMBRANES • – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities • the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane