Anatomy Physiology The Human Body Body Organization Whats
Anatomy & Physiology The Human Body
Body Organization What’s the smallest unit of life? Cell Human Body: 100 trillion cells
Body Organization (cont. ) Cells tissues organ systems organisms
Levels of Organization
Skeletal System # of bones: Adults 206 / Babies 300 Bones: 22 skull 27 hand 26 foot
Bone Structure Bone cells are living Contain nerves, blood vessels & marrow
Compact & Spongy Bone
Osteoporosis Inefficient bone replacement 5 -10% of bone mass lost every 10 years past age of 40
Bone Structure (cont. ) Bone Marrow - thick & jelly like - stores fat - makes blood cells
Bone Structure (cont. ) Bones lined with dense tissue: cartilage Cushions bones Provides support
Function of Bones 1. Support – provides framework for the body 2. Protection – for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
Function of Bones (cont. ) 3. Movement – lever for muscle 4. Attachment – tendons connect muscle to bone
Function of Bones (cont. ) 5. Blood Cell Production occurs in bone marrow 6. Mineral Storage Calcium & Phosphorus
Bone Connections Tendons: Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone
Bone Connections Ligaments: Tough fibers that connect bone to bone
Sprain Over stretching of ligaments or tendons Torn ligaments require surgery
Fracture Broken bone Multiple types
Muscular System Around 640 muscles in the body Muscles are bundles of protein fibers
Muscles Facts (cont. ) Approx. 40% of your body weight is muscle Largest muscle = gluteus maximus
Types of Muscle 1. Skeletal muscle Attached to bones of skeleton Voluntary Meat we eat
Types of Muscle (cont) 2. Cardiac muscle found only in heart not connected to bone involuntary
Types of Muscle (cont. ) 3. Smooth muscle found in organs & blood vessels not connected to bone involuntary
Muscular System Problems Strain: tearing of fibers Cramp: not enough oxygen, overuse Muscular Dystrophy: nerve messages to muscles are blocked
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