Anatomy Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 28 part 4

Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 28, part 4 The Reproductive System Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frederic H. Martini Fundamentals of

Uterine cycle • Repeating series of changes in the endometrium • Continues from menarche to menopause • Menses • Degeneration of the endometrium • Menstruation • Proliferative phase • Restoration of the endometrium • Secretory phase • Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28. 20 The Uterine Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 20

The vagina • Major functions • Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids • Receives the penis during sexual intercourse • Forms the inferior portion of the birth canal Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28. 21 The Histology of the Vagina Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 21

External genitalia • Vulva • Vestibule • Labia minora and majora • Paraurethral glands • Clitoris • Lesser and greater vestibular glands Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28. 22 The Female External Genitalia Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 22

Mammary glands • Pectoral fat pad • Nipple surrounded by the areola • Function in lactation under control of reproductive hormones PLAY Animation: Female Reproductive System Flythrough Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28. 23 The Mammary Glands Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 23 a-c

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle • Control the reproductive cycle • Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle • Key hormones include: • FSH • Stimulates follicular development • LH • Maintains structure and secretory function of corpus luteum • Estrogens • Have multiple functions • Progesterones • Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28. 25 The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 25

Figure 28. 26 The Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 26 a-c

Figure 28. 26 The Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle PLAY Animation: Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 28. 26 d-f

SECTION 28 -4 The Physiology of Sexual Intercourse Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Male sexual function • Arousal • Leads to erection of the penis • Parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves • Emission and ejaculation • Occur under sympathetic stimulation • Results in semen being pushed toward external urethral opening • Detumescence • Subsidence of erection • Mediated by the sympathetic nervous system Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Female sexual function • Stages are comparable to those of male sexual function • Arousal causes clitoral erection • Vaginal surfaces are moistened • Parasympathetic stimulation causes engorgement of blood vessels in the nipples Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

SECTION 28 -5 Aging and the Reproductive System Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Menopause • The time that ovulation and menstruation cease • Typically around age 45 -55 • Accompanied by a decline in circulating estrogen and progesterone • Rise in Gn. RH, FSH, LH Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Male climacteric • Levels of circulating testosterone begin to decline • FSH and LH levels rise • Gradual reduction in sexual activity Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

You should now be familiar with: • The components of the reproductive system, and their functions • The components of the male and female reproductive systems • The processes of meiosis and gametogenesis in both sexes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

You should now be familiar with: • The roles played by the male reproductive tract and accessory glands in the functional maturation, nourishment, storage, and transport of spermatozoa • The anatomical, physiological, and hormonal aspects of the male and female reproductive cycles • The physiology of sexual intercourse Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings