Anatomy of the Brain The Players Central nervous

Anatomy of the Brain

The Players Central nervous system CNS Peripheral nervous system PNS Brain, spinal cord Our focus today Autonomic nervous system ANS Sympathetic division (Fight or flight) Parasympathetic division (Rest and digest) Motor system Enteric division (pancreas, GI tract)

About the Boss • • • 100 b neurons 15% of cardiac output 20% of total body oxygen consumption, 25% of total body glucose utilization 2% body mass

Where are we?

Making sense

1. Brain stem • Pons + medulla oblongata – Homeostasis – Coordination of movement – Conducts information • Reticular formation: sensory filter • Pineal gland: melatonin

2. Cerebellum • Movement, balance • Hand-eye coordination

3. Diencephalon • Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal) – Thalamus: sensory information, emotion, arousal – Hypothalamus: thermostat, hunger, thirst, posterior Phormones, circardian rhythms • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

4. Cerebrum • Hemispheric • Outer grey matter (capillaries, cell bodies), inner white matter (myelinated axon sheaths) • Basal nuclei: groups of neurons deep in white matter, for movement sequences • Cerebral cortex 80% of brain mass • 5 mm thick but 1000 cm 2 surface area

4. Cerebrum

4. Cerebrum • Corpus callosum: thick band of axons that connnect cerebral cortices • Pallium / neocortex: flat sheets of cells on top portion of brain, six layers

4. Cerebrum • CC --> frontal, temporal occipital, parietal lobe • visual" occipital • auditory: temporal • somatosensory: parietal • olfactory: frontal • --> association areas

4. Cerebrum • Limbic system (// limbus = border) around brainstem • Amygdala emotional memory • Hippocampus short-term + long term memory • Prefrontal cortex: temperament, decision making

Cerebral cortex

Limbic system