Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Intended for

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Intended for entry level anatomy students

Intended to be viewed as full-screen…. select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” ! Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well. This is why the bony landmarks are so important. Do not memorize the function of muscles ! Muscles contract only linearly. Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions. Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Each card is a set of three: The first asks to identify the muscle. The next provides the clues. The third gives the name of the muscle.

1. Identify this muscle and its action !

1. Identify this muscle and its action ! Orbicularis Oculi • • Origin: margin of the orbit Insertion: eyelid & skin of face Action: closes eye, blink Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

2. Identify this muscle and its action !

2. Identify this muscle and its action ! Orbicularis oris • • Origin: Maxilla and mandible Insertion: Fibers of the lips Action: Compresses lips Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

3. Identify this muscle and its action !

3. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: mandible Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”) Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V 3)

3. Identify this muscle and its action ! Masseter • • Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: mandible Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”) Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V 3)

4. Identify this muscle and its action !

4. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: manubrium and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together), or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only) Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

4. Identify this muscle and its action ! Sternocleidomastoid • • Origin: manubrium and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together), or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only) Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

5. Identify this muscle and its action !

5. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by drawing it superiorly Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

5. Identify this muscle and its action ! Platysma • • Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by drawing it superiorly Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

6. Identify this muscle and its action !

6. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Inferior border of rib Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib Action: Elevates ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves

6. Identify this muscle and its action ! External Intercostals • • Origin: Inferior border of rib Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib Action: Elevates ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets

7. Identify this muscle and its action !

7. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Superior border of inferior rib Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib Action: Depresses ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves

7. Identify this muscle and its action ! Internal Intercostals • • Origin: Superior border of inferior rib Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib Action: Depresses ribs Innervation: Intercostal nerves Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your hands on your heart (i. e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)

8. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage Insertion: inserts on the central tendon. Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs. Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C 3, 4, 5)

8. Identify this muscle and its action ! Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage Insertion: inserts on the central tendon. Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs. Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C 3, 4, 5) Respiratory Diaphragm

9. Identify this muscle and its action !

9. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

9. Identify this muscle and its action ! External Oblique Abdominus • • Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

10. Identify this muscle and its action !

10. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Pubis Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves

10. Identify this muscle and its action ! Rectus abdominus • • Origin: Pubis Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

11. Identify this muscle and its action !

11. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and scapula Action: elevation of scapulae Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

11. Identify this muscle and its action ! Trapezius • • Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and scapula Action: elevation of scapulae Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

12. Identify this muscle and its action !

12. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus (common insertion with teres major muscle). Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerves (C 6 -C 8)

12. Identify this muscle and its action ! Latissimus dorsi • • Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus (common insertion with teres major muscle). Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerves (C 6 -C 8)

13. Identify this muscle and its action ! I Anterior view

13. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus) Action: Medial rotation of shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus I Anterior view

13. Identify this muscle and its action ! I Subscapularis (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles) • • Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus) Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus Anterior view

14. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Anterior view

14. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Anterior view • • Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: abduct arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

14. Identify this muscle and its action ! Supraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles) posterior view Anterior view • • Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus) Action: abduct arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

15. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Anterior view

15. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view • • Anterior view Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus) Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

15. Identify this muscle and its action ! Infraspinatus (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles) posterior view • • Anterior view Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus) Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

16. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view

16. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus) Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder Innervation: Axillary nerve posterior view

16. Identify this muscle and its action ! Teres Minor (1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles) • • Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus) Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder Innervation: Axillary nerve posterior view

17. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view Anterior view

17. Identify this muscle and its action ! posterior view • • Origin: clavicle and scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus) Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder (similar to supraspinatus) Innervation: Axillary nerve Anterior view

17. Identify this muscle and its action ! Deltoid posterior view • • Origin: clavicle and scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus) Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder (similar to supraspinatus) Innervation: Axillary nerve Anterior view

18. Identify this muscle and its action !

18. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: flex arm at shoulder Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)

18. Identify this muscle and its action ! Pectoralis major • • Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: flex arm at shoulder Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)

19. Identify this muscle and its action !

19. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula) Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow (a two-joint muscle) Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

19. Identify this muscle and its action ! Biceps brachii • • Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula) Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow (a two-joint muscle) Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

20. Identify this muscle and its action ! Anterior view Posterior view

Anterior view 20. Identify this muscle and its action ! • Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus • • • Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Extend forearm at elbow Innervation: Radial nerve Posterior view

Anterior view 20. Identify this muscle and its action ! Triceps brachii • Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus • • • Insertion: Olecranon (ulna) Action: Extend forearm at elbow Innervation: Radial nerve Posterior view

21. Identify this muscle and its action !

21. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal Action: Extend adduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

21. Identify this muscle and its action ! Extensor Carpi Ulnaris • • Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal Action: Extend adduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

22. Identify this muscle and its action !

22. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Median Nerve

22. Identify this muscle and its action ! Flexor Carpi Radialis • • Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist Innervation: Median Nerve

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Presented in Three Parts: I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen II – Muscles of the upper extremity III – Muscles of the lower extremity

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: iliac crest, sacrum Posterior view Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

23. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Maximus Posterior view • • Origin: iliac crest, sacrum Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

24. Identify this muscle and its action !

24. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: iliac crest Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

24. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Medius • • Origin: iliac crest Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

25. Identify this muscle and its action !

25. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

25. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gluteus Minimus • • Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

26. Identify this muscle and its action ! Posterior view

26. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve Posterior view

26. Identify this muscle and its action ! Semimembranosus • • Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve Posterior view

27. Identify this muscle and its action !

27. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

27. Identify this muscle and its action ! Semitendinosus • • Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

28. Identify this muscle and its action !

28. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

28. Identify this muscle and its action ! Biceps Femoris, Long-Head • • Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: Tibial nerve

29. Identify this muscle and its action !

29. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: linea aspera Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: common fibular nerve

29. Identify this muscle and its action ! Biceps Femoris, Short-Head • • Origin: linea aspera Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia Action: flex leg at knee Innervation: common fibular nerve

30. Identify this muscle and its action !

30. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

30. Identify this muscle and its action ! Sartorius • • Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia, via pes anserinus Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

31. Identify this muscle and its action !

31. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

31. Identify this muscle and its action ! Rectus Femoris • • Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

32. Identify this muscle and its action !

32. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Intertrochanteric line Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

32. Identify this muscle and its action ! Vastus Medialis • • Origin: Intertrochanteric line Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

33. Identify this muscle and its action !

33. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Greater trochanter Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

33. Identify this muscle and its action ! Vastus Lateralis • • Origin: Greater trochanter Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

34. Identify this muscle and its action !

34. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

34. Identify this muscle and its action ! Vastus Intermedius • • Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris Action: Extend leg at knee Innervation: Femoral nerve

35. Identify this muscle and its action !

35. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: Femoral condyles Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve

35. Identify this muscle and its action ! Gastrocnemius • • Origin: Femoral condyles Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve

36. Identify this muscle and its action !

36. Identify this muscle and its action ! • • Origin: tibia Insertion: 1 st metatarsal Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

36. Identify this muscle and its action ! Tibialis Anterior • • Origin: tibia Insertion: 1 st metatarsal Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Structures that you should study! • Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle) Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and make it very difficult to perform their function.

This project was made possible by: Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007 - present) and artwork by Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005 -2006)