Anatomy Lab 5 The Head Upper Limb Musculature

Anatomy Lab #5: The Head & Upper Limb Musculature Objectives for this lab: Identify the muscles of the head Identify the muscles of the upper limb by their position, origin, and insertion Be able to describe the function that each muscle performs on the joint that it crosses

Muscles 101 Muscles only CONTRACT Muscles often cross joints (1) Origin: on part that doesn’t move Insertion: on part that moves Insertion Know your bone landmarks! Think about how actions occur Flexion/Extension, Abduction/adduction, rotation PAY ATTENTION TO THE NAMES! Often describes location, appearance, origin, insertion or action. ▪ ▪ ▪ Frontalis / Temporalis / Orbicularis Oris Biceps / Triceps / Deltoid Brachioradialis / Coracobrachialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Supinator / Pronator Origin

The Facial Muscles Innervated by cranial nerves Muscles of Mastication Temporalis and Masseter Muscles important for chewing Muscles of Facial Expression Frontalis, Zygomaticus, etc. Muscles that manipulate the skin of the face Cranial Neck Muscles Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius Cover the neck and attach to upper limb

Face Muscles

Movements of the Scapula Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression Posterior view

Movers of the Scapula Serratus anterior (right lateral view): Protraction Trapezius (posterior view): Elevation and retraction (Posterior View) Levator scapulae: Elevation Rhomboids: Retraction (Anterior view) Pectoralis minor: Depression

Muscle Movements Extension Flexion Superior view Abduction Adduction Medial rotation Lateral rotation Try it with your elbow bent at 90 degrees.

Movers of the Humerus Attach on the shaft of the humerus Abduct, adduct, flex, and extend the humerus Latissimus dorsi: Extension and Medial Rotation Teres major: Extension and Medial Rotation PM CB Pectoralis major: Flexion Coracobrachialis: Adduction Deltoid: Abduction

Movers of the Humerus Rotator cuff muscles Attach near the humeral head Rotate the humerus medially or laterally Hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity (Posterior View) Supraspinatus: Lateral Rotation Infraspinatus: Lateral Rotation Teres minor: Lateral Rotation Subscapularis (anterior view): Medial Rotation

Muscles of the Brachium Biceps Brachii view) (Anterior (superficial) & Biceps: Brachialis and Brachialis Flexion (deep) (Posterior view) Triceps: Extension

Muscles of the Antebrachium Anterior Compartment: All originate on medial epicondyle of humerus Flexion of wrist Flexion of digits Pronation of the forearm 11 READ the names Anterior view of right forearm

Anterior forearm muscles mnemonic Pointer to Pinky: PFPF [pass/fail, pass/fail]:

Muscles of the Antebrachium Lateral right arm Posterior Compartment: All originate on lateral epicondyle of humerus Extension of wrist Extension of digits Supination READ the names Posterior right arm

Helpful websites: Anterior Forearm: http: //www. gwc. maricopa. edu/class/bio 201/muscle/arm/frma. htm Posterior Forearm: http: //www. gwc. maricopa. edu/class/bio 201/muscle/arm/frmp. htm

Study tips Group muscles when you learn them – “movers of joints” Remember bone landmarks PULL OUT THE BONES TODAY / use Bony Tony DO NOT SIMPLY MEMORIZE A CHART – think more deeply! Though create a chart to use as checklist or as study guide. Try putting it all to song (change lyrics or make up your own song!) USE YOUR OWN BODY

If you don’t know a muscle… Is it anterior/posterior? Where does it originate? Where does it insert? What Joint does it cross? What direction do the fibers go?

Things you can’t see on models: Platysma

Before you leave, make sure that you… ❑ Identify all of the bold terms in the lab manual on a model ❑ Explain the function of all anatomical structures ❑ Quiz your partner(s) on the structures and their functions