Anatomy and Purpose of the Respiratory System Lack

Anatomy and Purpose of the Respiratory System Lack of Oxygen Video Intro Describe what you saw happen to the cell’s internal functions with the depletion of oxygen. - What would the consequences be to the organism if the situation was acute (not long)? Explain - Would our body function properly if we had reduced oxygen flow? HINT: Think about what happens with Aerobic and Anaerobic Resp.

Group Discussion: Share your knowledge of how energy is created in the body. Explain what you know about how the respiratory system works and how it can regulate energy creation. (Why, when and how do we breath? ) Human Lung Anatomy Video

The respiratory system consists of the respiratory tracts and the lungs.

Respiratory Tract Components Order of air passing through the tract: 1. Nasal Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=50 EA 330 C-DFE 3 -4443 -B 142 -111 DD 7 DB 0764&bln. From. Search=1&productcode=US Are there any organs shared by different organ systems?

Components of the Lungs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Primary Bronchus (largest) Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus (smallest) Bronchiole Alveoli

Alveoli: The Exchanger. The alveoli are tiny sacs that allow O 2 to enter each sac, and CO 2 to leave each sac. Red = Oxygenated blood. Blue = Deoxygenated blood

Alveoli § Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole § Surrounded by capillaries § Where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen (via diffusion) takes place. § Singular – alveolus § There are millions!

Pleura § A double membrane that lines the lungs and adheres to the walls of the rib cage Diaphragm • Dome shaped muscle between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing

Why O 2 and CO 2? 1. We need carbs (glucose) for “fuel”. 2. Fuel needs to be oxidized to release energy. (Oxygen is bonded with the molecules) 3. The carbohydrate molecule rearranges itself to create different molecules. (C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 = 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + Energy) 4. Energy is released, and biproducts are discarded or reused. H 2 O reused, CO released via lungs.

How does breathing work? § Breathing is an involuntary action meaning that it occurs without conscious thought § However, breathing is in fact controlled by a structure in the brain called the medula

Why does your breathing rate increase during and after exercise? § Physical activity requires increased energy production § Thus, your muscles must consume more O 2 to release more energy § As a result of respiration, more CO 2 is produced § The increased levels of CO 2 in the blood flowing to your brain is a signal to the medulla to increase breathing rate § WHY? § To remove CO 2 and replenish O 2 at a faster rate

78 % Nitrogen 21 % Oxygen 1 % Other gases CO 2

Composition of Air Inhaled Air 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0. 04% Carbon Dioxide <1% Other Gases Exhaled Air 78% Nitrogen 16% Oxygen 5% Carbon Dioxide <1% Other Gases

Gas Exchange with the Lungs

Gas Exchange- What is it? § Two gases, O 2 and CO 2 switch places § O 2 moves from the alveoli to the capillaries § CO 2 moves in the opposite direction, from the capillaries to the alveoli § This occurs by diffusion: § The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Basic Diffusion Diagram

Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide § Blood arriving at the alveolus is deoxygenated: § Low in O 2 § High in CO 2 § The concentration of CO 2 inside the alveolus is lower than in the cappilary § Thus, CO 2 diffuses into the alveolus

Diffusion of Oxygen § Blood arriving at the alveolus has a low concentration of O 2 § But air entering the alveolus has a high concentration of O 2 § Thus, O 2 diffuses from the alveolus (high conc. ) into the capillary (low conc. ) Oxygenated blood leaving the alveolus

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 + Oxygen 6 O 2 → Carbon Dioxide 6 CO 2 + Water ENERGY 6 H 2 O If all the elements, Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen can be counted for, where does the energy come from? The BONDS holding the molecules together! Crash Course: ATP and Respiration Video Lack of Oxygen Video Intro

Synergy Questions

Human Body Project