Anatomy and Physiology Terminology AKA a new language

Anatomy and Physiology Terminology AKA. . . a new language

1 st thing 1 st • Anatomical Position – Standing erect, face forward, upper limbs (arms) at the side with the palms forward • Right and left refer to “body right” and “body left” – The “body” is the one we are talking about. Not yours, unless you are the one being discussed. ^-^

Relative Terms • Describe the location of a body part with respect to another body part. So, they depend on other factors. . . • 1 st Set – Superior – body part closer to the head; above the other – Inferior – body part is closer to the feet; below the other

Some more partners • 2 nd set – Anterior (AKA ventral)- towards the front (belly side) – Posterior (AKA dorsal) – towards the back • 3 rd set – Medial – refers to an imaginary line that separates us into right and left sides; it means towards the middle or this line – Lateral – towards the side of the body in respect to this imaginary line

A few more. . . • 4 th set – Proximal – body part is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than another body part – Distal – body part is farther from the point of attachment to the trunk than the other part • 5 th set – Superficial (AKA peripheral)- situated near the surface – Deep – is more internal than another part

Done with partners. . . Now we get to look at sections! • Three imaginary planes divide the body and are used to organize and give relative locations to internal parts – Sagittal – divides the body into right and left portions • If on the midline called median or midsagittal – Transverse (horizontal) – divides body into inferior and superior sections – Coronal (frontal) divides body into anterior and posterior sections

A few more sections • The previous sections can be used to divide organs as well. • If the organ is a cylinder, such as a long bone, there a few more. – Cross section – a cut across – Oblique section – an angular cut – Longitudinal section – lengthwise cut

Body regions. . . Yep, they get special names, too. • 1 st up. . . the 9 regions of the abdominal area – Epigastric region – upper middle portion – Left and Right Hypochondriac regions – lie on either side of the epigastric region – Umbilical region – middle portion where the belly button is – Left and Right Lumbar regions - either side of the umbilical region – Hypogastric region – lower middle portion – Left and Right iliac (or inguinal) region – either side of the hypogastric region

Some more. . . • The abdomen can be divided into only four quandrants, depends on what the doctor needs. . . – Right and left upper quadrant – Right and left lower quadrant

Now, the list begins. . . • Abdominal – region between the thorax and the pelvis • Acromial- the point of the shoulder • Antebrachial – the forearm (lower arm) • Antecubital – space in front of the elbow • Axillary – the armpit • Brachial – the arm • Buccal – the cheek

It keeps going. . • Carpel – the wrist • Celiac – the abdomen (go fig. . its got two names) • Cephalic – the head • Cervical – the neck • Coxal – the hip • Crural – the leg • Cubital – the elbow

And going. . . • • Digital – the finger Dorsal – the back Femoral – the thigh Frontal – the forehead Gentital – the reproductive organs Gluteal – the buttocks Inguinal – the depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh (groin)

And going. . • Lumbar – the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis • Mammary – the breast • Mental – the chin • Nasal – the nose • Occipital – the lower posterior region of the head • Oral – the mouth

Still going. . . • • Orbital – the eye cavity Otic – the ear Palmar – the palm of the hand Patellar – the front of the knee Pectoral – the chest Pedal- the foot Pelvic – the pelvis Perineal – the region between the anus and the external reproductive organs

Until you're sick of them • Plantar – the sole of the foot • Popliteal – the area behind the knee • Sacral – the posterior region between the hipbones • Sternal - the middle of the thorax, anteriorly • Tarsal – the instep of the foot • Umbilical – the navel • Vertebral – the spinal column