Anatomy and Physiology Overview The female reproductive system
- Slides: 15
Anatomy and Physiology Overview • The female reproductive system consists of a left and right ovary, which are the female's primary sex organs, and the following accessory sex organs: – Two fallopian tubes – Uterus – Vagina – Vulva – Two breasts
Figure 17. 2 Female organs of reproduction and associated structures.
Figure 17. 2 (continued) Female organs of reproduction and associated structures.
Fallopian Tubes • Fertilization – 23 chromosomes from the male combine with the 23 chromosomes from the female. – Generally occurs within 24 hours following ovulation and usually takes place in the fallopian tube. – A single sperm penetrates the ovum, and the resulting cell is called a zygote.
Ovaries • Anterior lobe of pituitary gland primarily controls functional activity of ovaries. – FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone): instrumental in development of ovarian follicles. – LH (luteinizing hormone): stimulates development of the corpus luteum, a small yellow mass of cells that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle.
Ovaries • The ovaries have two major functions: – The production of ova § Each month a graafian follicle ruptures on the ovarian cortex, and an ovum discharges into the pelvic cavity, where it enters the fallopian tube. § This process is known as ovulation. § In an average normal woman, more than 400 ova may be produced during her reproductive years.
Ovaries • The ovaries have two major functions: – The production of hormones § The ovary is also an endocrine gland, producing estrogen and progesterone. § Estrogen – Female sex hormone secreted by the ovarian follicles. § Progesterone – A steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum. – Important in the maintenance of pregnancy.
Menstrual Cycle • The menstrual cycle occurs every 21 to 40 days and has three phases: – Follicular phase – Ovulation phase – Luteal phase
Figure 17. 8 Ovary.
Figure 17. 6 During ovulation, the ovum leaves the ovary and enters the fallopian tube. Subsequent changes in the fertilized ovum from conception to implantation are depicted.
Anatomy and Physiology Overview • Male reproductive system – Testes – Various ducts – Urethra • Accessory glands – Bulbourethral – Prostate – Seminal vesicles
Anatomy and Physiology Overview • Supporting structures and accessory sex organs – Scrotum – Penis • Vital function of male reproductive system – Provide the sperm cells necessary to fertilize the ovum, thereby perpetuating the species
Figure 18. 1 Male reproductive system: seminal vesicles, prostate, urethra, vas deferens, epididymis, and external genitalia.
External Organs • Testes – Testosterone § Male sex hormone produced by cells in the testes § Responsible for development of secondary male characteristics during puberty and maintaining them through adulthood
Figure 18. 2 Sagittal section of the male pelvis, showing the organs of the reproductive system.
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- Development of female reproductive system
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- Similarities between male and female reproductive system
- Sperm duct
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