Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism Lisa

Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism Lisa Kopf Fall 2012

The Speech Mechanism Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 32

Four Speech Systems • Respiratory • Phonatory • Resonance • Articulatory

Respiratory System • Respiration (breathing) • Phonation (voicing) • Resonance (influencing voice) • Articulation (speech sounds)

Phonatory System • Respiration (breathing) • Phonation (voicing) • Resonance (influencing voice) • Articulation (speech sounds)

Resonance System • Respiration (breathing) • Phonation (voicing) • Resonance (influencing voice) • Articulation (speech sounds)

Articulatory System • Respiration (breathing) • Phonation (voicing) • Resonance (influencing voice) • Articulation (speech sounds)

Respiratory System Lecture 1 Lisa Kopf Fall 2012

The Respiratory System http: //www. easyrent. tj/001_lib/002_anatomy_3 d/3 d_models/human_anatomy/male_systems/Male_Respiratory_3. php

Upper Airway http: //www. easyrent. tj/001_lib/002_anatomy_3 d/3 d_models/human_anatomy/male_systems/Male_Respiratory_3. php

Upper Airway • Nasal cavity • Oral cavity • Pharyngeal cavity • Filter, moisten, warm air http: //web. carteret. edu/keoughp/LFreshwater/NEO/blackboard/Pediatric%20 Diseases/

Respiratory Passage http: //academic. kellogg. edu/herbrandsonc/bio 201_mckinley/Respiratory%20 System. htm

Larynx/Vocal Folds • Larynx • Houses the vocal folds • Valve air • Protective mechanism • Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement (PVFM) or Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) • Vocal folds http: //www. homebusinessandfamilylife. com/larynx. html http: //www. webmd. com/a-to-z-guides/normal-vocal-cords

Trachea • Cricotracheal ligaments • 11 -12 cm long • 2 -2. 5 cm diameter • 16 -20 rings http: //www. naturalhealthschool. com/bronchi_trachea. html

Trachea • Intratracheal membrane: • Connects tracheal rings • Allows for movement • Trachealis muscle • Mucous membrane: • Goblet cells • Cilia in trachea • Carina http: //www. getbodysmart. com/ap/respiratorysystem/tracheabronchi/tracheawall/tutorial. html http: //www. naturalhealthschool. com/bronchi_trachea. html

Bronchi • Primary/main stem bronchi • Secondary/lobar bronchi • Tertiary/segmental bronchi Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 36

Branches of the Bronchi • Right Primary Bronchus – 3 secondary bronchi – 10 tertiary bronchi • Left Primary Bronchus • 2 secondary bronchi • 8 tertiary bronchi Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 38

Bronchioles • 1 mm or less diameter • Terminal bronchioles: communicate directly with the alveoli http: //www. easyrent. tj/001_lib/002_anatomy_3 d/3 d_models/human_anatomy/male_systems/Male_Respiratory_3. php

Alveoli • Tiny air-filled sacs • 300 -600 million in one person’s lungs • Clustered together at terminal bronchioles Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Percept

Movie- Respiratory Anatomy http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Hi. T 621 Prr. O 0 http: //people. eku. edu/ritchisong/301 notes 6. htm http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 n. Za. Sr. V 6 v 6 k&feature=related

Mediastinum • Separates the lungs • Mediastinum contains: • Heart • Part of esophagus • Part of trachea • Nerve tracts • Blood vessels

Lungs http: //www. anatomy-resources. com/human-

Pleurae • Consists of 2 membraneous layers • Visceral pleura • Parietal pleura • Layers are held together by intrapleural fluid pressure

Lung Volumes and Capacities • Total Lung Capacity (TLC) • Women: 5 liters • Men: 6 liters

Lung Volumes and Capacities • TV = Tidal Volume • VC = Vital Capacity • IRV = Inspiratory Reserve Volume • ERV = Expiratory Reserve Volume • IC = Inspiratory Capacity • RV = Reserve Volume • FRC = Functional Residual Capacity http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y 9 ei. Vqdd. VVo&feature=related