Anatomy and Physiology I The Skull Cranial and

Fig. 7. 15 a Cranium Skull Hyoid Face Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Axial Skeleton

Fig. 7. 19 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

Eight Bones of the Cranium Frontal (1) Parietal (2) Occipital (1) Temporal (2) Sphenoid

Sutures of the Cranium Immovable fibrous joints that fuse the adult cranium together Coronal

Fig. 7. 14 Sutures Sagittal Lambdoid Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bones Copyright ©

Coronal suture Parietal bone Plate 7. 26 Frontal bone Temporal bone Plate 26 Courtesy

Plate 27 Sagittal suture Parietal bone Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Temporal bone

Plate 28 Coronal suture Sutures Plate 7. 28 Frontal bone Sagittal suture Parietal bone

Plate 26 Coronal suture Parietal bone Plate 7. 26 Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal

Fig. 7. 31 b Fetal features of the frontal bone Anterior Frontal suture (metopic

Parietal Bones (2) Fig. 7. 19 Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Parietal bone

Fig. 7. 21 Occipital Bone Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median

Fig. 7. 19 Temporal Bones (2) Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone

Plate 41 Disarticulated Temporal Bone Anterior Posterior Mastoid Portion Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process External

Fig. 7. 20 Features of the Temporal Bone - Inferior View Incisive foramen Palatine

Fig. 7. 25 Features of the Temporal Bone Floor of Cranial Cavity viewed from

Sphenoid Bone Fig. 7. 19 Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Lambdoid

Fig. 7. 21 Sphenoid bone Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median

Fig. 7. 25 Sphenoid Bone - Floor of Cranium Superior view Frontal bone Ethmoid

Fig. 7. 22 a Sphenoid Bone - Superior view Lesser wing Optic canal Greater

Plate 44 Sphenoid Bone - Superior View Greater wing Lesser wing Foramen rotundum Sella

Fig. 7. 21 b Sphenoid Bone - Posterior View Optic canal Lesser wing Greater

Fig. 7. 17 Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous

Fig. 7. 24 Ethmoid Bone - Superior View Ethmoid bone Crista galli Cribriform plate

Fig. 7. 23 a Ethmoid Bone - Superior View Anterior Perpendicular plate Crista galli

Fig. 7. 23 b Ethmoid Bone - Posterior View Crista galli Superior nasal concha

Fig. 7. 28 Ethmoid Bone - Coronal section of skull Frontal bone Cribriform plate

Fig. 7. 17 Ethmoid Bone Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid

Mnemonic for Cranial Bones Frequent parade often tests soldiers’ endurance. F - Frontal P

Facial Bones - 14 Mandible (1) Maxilla (2) Palatine (2) Zygomatic (2) Lacrimal (2)

Fig. 7. 29 a Mandible (1) Mandibular notch Coronoid processes Mandibular condyles Mandibular foramen

Fig. 7. 17 Maxilla (2) Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid

Fig. 7. 26 Palatine Bones (2) Perpendicular portion Coronal section Horizontal portion Copyright ©

Fig. 7. 21 Horizontal Plate of the Palatine bones Incisive foramen Palatine process of

Fig. 7. 17 Zygomatic Bones (2) Zygomatic bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies,

Fig. 7. 19 Zygomatic Bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Copyright ©

Plate 32 Zygomatic Arch Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Zygomatic process of temporal bone Zygomatic

Fig. 7. 17 Lacrimal (2) and Nasal Bones (2) Lacrimal bone Nasal bones Lacrimal

Fig. 7. 18 Lacrimal Bone in Left Orbit Frontal bone Supraorbital notch Optic canal

Fig. 7. 17 Inferior Nasal Conchas (2) and Vomer bone (1) Perpendicular plate of

Ethmoid Vomer Inf. Nasal Conchas Fig 7. 28 Fig 7. 27

Fig. 7. 21 Vomer Bone - Inferior View Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla

Fig. 7. 24 Midsagittal Section of the Skull Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Frontal

Fig. 7. 25 Paranasal Sinuses Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinuses Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus Copyright

Fig. 7. 18 Seven Bones that Comprise the Orbit Frontal bone Supraorbital notch Optic

Fig. 7. 18 Features of the Orbit Supraorbital notch Optic canal Superior orbital fissure

Fig. 7. 16 Hyoid Bone Hyoid bone Larynx Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies,

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Anatomy and Physiology I The Skull Cranial and Facial Bones Instructor: Mary Holman

Fig. 7. 15 a Cranium Skull Hyoid Face Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Axial Skeleton Vertebral column Carpals Ribs Hip bone Radius Ulna Appendicular Skeleton Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a)

Eight Bones of the Cranium Frontal (1) Parietal (2) Occipital (1) Temporal (2) Sphenoid (1) Ethmoid (1)

Sutures of the Cranium Immovable fibrous joints that fuse the adult cranium together Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid Squamous

Coronal suture Parietal bone Plate 7. 26 Frontal bone Temporal bone Plate 26 Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr.

Plate 27 Sagittal suture Parietal bone Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Nasal bone External acoustic meatus Lacrimal bone Zygomatic arch Ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr.

Plate 28 Coronal suture Sutures Plate 7. 28 Frontal bone Sagittal suture Parietal bone Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Temporal bone Occipital bone Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Plate 26 Coronal suture Parietal bone Plate 7. 26 Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Supraorbital notch Supraorbital foramen Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr.

Fig. 7. 31 b Fetal features of the frontal bone Anterior Frontal suture (metopic suture) Frontal bone Anterior fontanel Where sagittal suture will eventually form Posterior fontanel (b) Posterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Parietal Bones (2) Fig. 7. 19 Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Lambdoid suture Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Occipital bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus Temporal process of zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandibular fossa Mental foramen Mastoid process Mandible Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 21 Occipital Bone Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median palatine suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Greater palatine foramen Vomer bone Foramen lacerum Mandibular fossa Foramen ovale Styloid process Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Lambdoid suture Mastoid foramen Temporal bone Lambdoid suture Condylar canal Occipital bone Nuchal lines Occipital prortuberance Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 19 Temporal Bones (2) Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Lambdoid suture Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus Temporal process of zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandibular fossa Mental foramen Mastoid process Mandible Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Plate 41 Disarticulated Temporal Bone Anterior Posterior Mastoid Portion Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Styloid process

Fig. 7. 20 Features of the Temporal Bone - Inferior View Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median palatine suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Greater palatine foramen Vomer bone Foramen lacerum Mandibular fossa Styloid process External acoustic meatus Occipital condyle Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Foramen magnum Mastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Temporal bone Condylar canal Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 25 Features of the Temporal Bone Floor of Cranial Cavity viewed from above Crista galli Cribriform plate Olfactory foramina Ethmoid bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Sella turcica Foramen ovale Temporal bone Foramen lacerum Foramen spinosum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Parietal Bone Foramen magnum Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Sphenoid Bone Fig. 7. 19 Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Lambdoid suture Ethmoid bone Occipital bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mastoid process Maxilla Mandibular condyle Styloid process Mental foramen Zygomatic process of temporal bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mandible

Fig. 7. 21 Sphenoid bone Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median palatine suture Frontal bone Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Greater palatine foramen Vomer bone Foramen lacerum Mandibular fossa Foramen ovale Styloid process Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Mastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Temporal bone Condylar canal Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 25 Sphenoid Bone - Floor of Cranium Superior view Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Optic canal Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Internal acoustic meatus Superior orbital fissure Sella turcica Temporal bone Foramen spinosum Parietal bone Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 22 a Sphenoid Bone - Superior view Lesser wing Optic canal Greater wing Foramen rotundum (a) Sella turcica Foramen ovale Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Foramen spinosum

Plate 44 Sphenoid Bone - Superior View Greater wing Lesser wing Foramen rotundum Sella turcica Foramen ovale Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Foramen spinosum

Fig. 7. 21 b Sphenoid Bone - Posterior View Optic canal Lesser wing Greater wing Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Lateral pterygoid plate (b) Medial pterygoid plate Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 17 Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Supraorbital foramen Sphenoid bone Optic canal Temporal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer bone Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 24 Ethmoid Bone - Superior View Ethmoid bone Crista galli Cribriform plate Olfactory foramina Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Sella turcica Foramen ovale Temporal bone Foramen lacerum Foramen spinosum Internal acoustic meatus Parietal bone Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 23 a Ethmoid Bone - Superior View Anterior Perpendicular plate Crista galli Cribriform plate Ethmoidal sinuses Orbital surface Posterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 23 b Ethmoid Bone - Posterior View Crista galli Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Perpendicular plate Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 28 Ethmoid Bone - Coronal section of skull Frontal bone Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Crista galli of ethmoid bone Ethmoid bone Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Middle nasal concha Vomer bone Maxillary sinus Inferior nasal concha Alveolar process of maxilla Palatine process of maxilla Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 17 Ethmoid Bone Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Supraorbital foramen Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer bone Maxilla Mandible Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Mnemonic for Cranial Bones Frequent parade often tests soldiers’ endurance. F - Frontal P - Parietal (2) O - Occipital T - Temporal (2) S - Sphenoid E - Ethmoid

Facial Bones - 14 Mandible (1) Maxilla (2) Palatine (2) Zygomatic (2) Lacrimal (2) Nasal (2) Inferior Nasal Concha (2) Vomer (1)

Fig. 7. 29 a Mandible (1) Mandibular notch Coronoid processes Mandibular condyles Mandibular foramen Ramus Alveolar process Body Mental foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 17 Maxilla (2) Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Supraorbital foramen Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Vomer bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 21 Horizontal Plate of the Palatine bones Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Median palatine suture Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Greater palatine foramen Vomer bone Foramen lacerum Mandibular fossa Foramen ovale Styloid process Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Mastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Temporal bone Condylar canal Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Plate 32 Zygomatic Arch Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Zygomatic process of temporal bone Zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mandibular fossa Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Anterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Posterior

Fig. 7. 18 Lacrimal Bone in Left Orbit Frontal bone Supraorbital notch Optic canal Nasal bone Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Palatine bone Lacrimal bone Inferior orbital fissure Maxilla Infraorbital foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Zygomatic bone

Fig. 7. 17 Inferior Nasal Conchas (2) and Vomer bone (1) Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Ethmoid Vomer Inf. Nasal Conchas Fig 7. 28 Fig 7. 27

Fig. 7. 21 Vomer Bone - Inferior View Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Zygomatic bone Median palatine suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Greater palatine foramen Vomer bone Foramen lacerum Mandibular fossa Foramen ovale Styloid process Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Mastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Temporal bone Condylar canal Occipital bone Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 24 Midsagittal Section of the Skull Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Frontal sinus Nasal bone Sella turcica Superior nasal concha Midsagittal section Sphenoidal sinus Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Palatine bone Maxilla Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 18 Seven Bones that Comprise the Orbit Frontal bone Supraorbital notch Optic canal Nasal bone Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Palatine bone Lacrimal bone Inferior orbital fissure Maxilla Infraorbital foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Zygomatic bone

Fig. 7. 18 Features of the Orbit Supraorbital notch Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Infraorbital foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.