Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Vertebral

Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Instructor: Mary Holman

Fig. 7. 32 b Vertebral Column 7 Cervical vertebrae Posterior View 12 Thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx (b) Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Human Embryo Primary Curvature of the Vertebral Column Fig 23. 14 c convex 4 weeks 8 weeks concave

Fig. 7. 32 a Four Spinal Curvatures Cervical curvature convex concave Vertebra prominens Rib facet Posterior Thoracic curvature Anterior Intervertebral discs Lumbar curvature Sacral curvature Intervertebral foramina Sacrum Coccyx Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 o curvature

Fig. 7. 33 c Basic Vertebral Structure Thoracic Vertebra - Superior View Posterior Spinous process Lamina Transverse process Facet for tubercle of rib Superior articular process Vertebral foramen Pedicle Body Anterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 33 a Thoracic Vertebra - Lateral View Superior articular process Pedicle Transverse process Body Facet for tubercle of rib Intervertebral notch Inferior articular process Posterior Spinous process Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior

Fig. 7. 33 b Superior articular process Body Transverse process Inferior articular process Intervertebral disc Anterior Spinous process Posterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Intervertebral Disc

Fig. 7. 35 Anterior Posterior © Royalty Free/CORBIS Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies,

C 2 - Axis C 1 - Atlas C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 T 1 Names of Vertebrae T 12 L 1 Posterior view Sacrum L 5 S 1 S 5 Coccyx

Fig. 7. 34 a Atlas - First Cervical Vertebra - C 1 Superior View Posterior Facet that articulates with occipital condyle of the Occiptal bone Vertebral foramen Transverse process Transverse foramen Anterior Facet that articulates with dens (odontoid process) of axis or C 2 vertebra Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 34 b Axis - C 2 Lateral View Superior Spinous process Dens Anterior articular facet for atlas Superior articular facet Posterior Anterior Transverse foramen Body Inferior articular process Transverse process Inferior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 34 c Axis - C 2 Superior View Posterior Spinous process is bifid Anterior Dens (odontoid process) Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Body Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 36 a Cervical vertebrae C 3 -C 6 Superior view Posterior Bifid spinous process Vertebral foramen Lamina Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Transverse process Body Anterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 15. 44 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

Fig. 7. 36 b Thoracic vertebra - superior view Posterior Spinous process Transverse process Lamina Facet that articulates with rib tubercle Superior articular facet Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body Facet that articulates with rib head Anterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 36 c Lumbar vertebra - superior view Posterior Spinous process Lamina Superior articular process Transverse process Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body Anterior Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 36 Review: Distinguishing the three types of Vertebrae Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Transverse foramen (a) Cervical vertebra Facet that articulates with rib tubercule Facet that articulates with rib head Superior View (b) Thoracic vertebra (c) Lumbar vertebra

Fig. 7. 32 a Lateral View of the Spinal Column Cervical curvature convex concave Vertebra prominens Rib facet Posterior Thoracic curvature Anterior Intervertebral discs Lumbar curvature Sacral curvature Intervertebral foramina Sacrum Coccyx Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 37 a Sacral promontory Sacrum and Coccyx Superior articular process Base Sacrum Anterior View Apex Anterior sacral foramen Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coccyx

Fig. 7. 37 b Superior articular process Sacral canal Sacrum and Coccyx Posterior View Auricular surface Sacrum Tubercle of median sacral crest Posterior sacral foramen Sacral hiatus Coccyx Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 7. 38 b © Victor B. Eichler, Ph. D Copyright © The Mc.

Fig. 7. 38 a Jugular notch (suprasternal notch) Sternal angle Thoracic Cage - Sternum Thoracic vertebra 1 Clavicular notch 2 Manubrium 3 4 Body 5 6 7 Xiphoid process 8 9 10 11 12 (a) Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sternum

Fig. 7. 38 a Thoracic Cage - Ribs 1 2 3 True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) 4 5 6 7 T 11 8 False ribs Vertebrochondral ribs 9 10 T 12 Ribs L 1 Costal cartilage Hyaline cartilage L 2 11 12 Floating ribs (vertebral ribs) (a) Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior

Fig. 7. 39 b Spinous process Facet Tubercle Neck Head Facet Articulation of a Right Rib with a Thoracic Vertebra Superior View Shaft Anterior end (sternal end) Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.