ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS

ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS Dr Rowaa Alamedin Ahmad

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx • Pillars, • tonsils, • soft palate, • post third of tongue, • vallecula

Hypopharynx • • • Post pharyngeal wall, Pyriform fossa, post cricoid area

Pharyngeal wall Mucous m Subepith ct Muscle layer Buccopharyngeal fascia

WALDEYER’S RING(ring of GALT) subepithelial lymphoid tissue aggregated • 1. Nasopharyngeal tonsil or the adenoids • 2. Palatine tonsils or simply the tonsils • 3. Lingual tonsil • 4. Tubal tonsils (in fossa of Rosenmüller) • 5. Nodules (in posterior pharyngeal wall). • no afferent (Direct contact with surface mucosa) • Drain into retropharyngeal and UDCLN • Protect upper airway from organisms in food, mouth , pharynx , immunity till 5

Arterial supply • Some American lady found our pyramids satisfactory (ext carotid)

Lymph supply • Retrpharyngeal • parapharyngeal • deep cervical lymph node

Nerve supply 9— 10(11) • Motor: all muscles of pharynx supplied by accessory n on vagus except Stylopharyngeus glossopharyngeal n • Sensory: glossopharyngeal Hypophx glossoph +vagus

Function of the pharynx • Air passage • Eustachian tube opening • Voice resonance(n, m) • Air and food passage • Articulation of speech • Deglutition • Taste bud • Local defense immunity

deglutition

Silent areas • Nasoph, fossa of rossenm • Vallecula, tongue base • Tonsillar creypts • Thyroid gland • Supraglottic larynx (ventricles , epiglottis) • Pyriform • Floor of mouth

esophagus • Lower border c 6 • Lower border T 11 • Length 25 cm in adult

Anatomical narrowing • 15 cm from incisor (cricopharyngeal sphincter) • 23 cm from incisors (aortic arch and left main bronchus) • 40 cm from incisors (diaphragm)

Wall • Mucosa st sq epith non keratinized Lamina proproa : GALT Muscularis mucosa • Submucosa (bl v, lymphatics, missners plexus • Muscle layer : longitudinal, circular (striated upper third , smooth lower third , transitional middle third) • External Adventitia of dense c. t

Nerve supply: vagus n Motor Sensory autonomic • Striated muscle: Motor (upper third) • Smooth muscle • (parasympathetic fibers) relay in ganglions of Meissner's plexus (of submucosa ) Auerbach's plexus (between muscles) • Sympathetic fibers from cardiac plexus or around bl v supplying esophagus

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