Anatomical Terminology Why Correct anatomical terminology allows people

Anatomical Terminology Why? § Correct anatomical terminology allows people to communicate effectively and accurately § Body Positions - Anatomical Position: body erect, feet on floor and slightly apart, head and palms facing forward - Supine: body lying face upward - Prone: body lying face downward

Anatomical Terminology Cont. § Directional Terms - anterior (ventral)--the front side of the body - posterior (dorsal)--the back side of the body - superior (cranial)--toward the head - inferior (caudal)--away from the head - medial--toward the midline of the body - lateral--away from the midline of the body - proximal--closer to the point of attachment - distal--farther from the point of attachment - superficial (external)--located close to or on the body surface - deep (internal)--located beneath the body surface

Regional Terms § Anterior § Abdominal: anterior body trunk inferior to ribs § Acromial: point of shoulder § Antebrachial: forearm § Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow § Axillary: armpit § Brachial: arm § Buccal: cheek area § Carpal: wrist § Cervical: neck region § Coxal: hip § Crural: leg § Deltoid: curve of shoulder area formed by large deltoid muscle

Regional Terms Cont. § § § § Digital: fingers, toes Femoral: thigh Fibular: lateral part of leg Frontal: forehead Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk; groin Nasal: nose area Oral: mouth Orbital: eye area Patellar: anterior knee Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis Pubic: genital region Sternal: breastbone area Tarsal: ankle region Thoracic: chest Umbilical: navel

Regional Terms Cont. § Posterior § Calcaneal: heel of foot § Cephalic: head § Femoral: thigh § Gluteal: buttock § Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips § Occipital: posterior surface of head § Olecranal: posterior surface of elbow § Popliteal: posterior knee area § Sacral: area between hips § Scapular: shoulder blade region § Sural: the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf § Vertebral: area of spine § Plantar: sole of the foot

Body Planes and Sections § Sagittal: longitudinal section that divides the body into right and left portions - median or midsagittal: directly down the middle of the body - parasagittal: divides anywhere except for right down the middle; divides the body into unequal parts § Frontal (coronal): divides the body into anterior and posterior portions § Transverse: divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

Sagittal MRI Scans

Transverse MRI Scans Cont.

Coronal MRI Scans

Body Cavities § Dorsal (posterior) - cranial cavity--houses the brain - spinal (vertebral) cavity--contains the spinal cord § Ventral (anterior) - thoracic cavity - pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart - pleural cavities--surrounds the lungs - abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity--contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and the small and large intestine - pelvic cavity--contains the lower part of the digestive system (rectum), the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs of the female

Body Cavities Cont. § Abdominopelvic Cavity - four quadrants - right upper quadrant (RUQ) - right lower quadrant(RLQ) - left upper quadrant(LUQ) - left lower quadrant(LLQ) - Nine regions epigastric--upper middle portion umbilical--central portion hypogastric--lower middle portion hypochondriac--either side of epigastric lumbar--either side of umbilical iliac--either side of hypogastric

Body Cavities Cont. § Oral: commonly called the mouth, contains teeth and tongue § Nasal: posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways § Orbital: house the eyes § Middle Ear: medial to the eardrums