ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL TERMS DISSECTDISSECTION ANATOMICAL POSITION WHY

ANATOMICAL POSITION & ANATOMICAL TERMS

DISSECT/DISSECTION

ANATOMICAL POSITION • WHY IS ANATOMICAL POSITION DEFINED? • WHAT IS ANATOMICAL POSITION? – – – STANDING UPRIGHT FACING FRONT FEET TOGETHER HANDS AT SIDES PALMS FACING FORWARD (SUPINATED)

ANATOMICAL TERMS

IMPORTANCE OF USING CORRECT TERMINOLOGY NEWSWEEK reports that President Bush, appearing before a right-to-life rally in Tampa, Florida on June 17, 2004 stated: "We must always remember that all human beings begin life as a feces. A feces is a living being in the eyes of God, who has endowed that feces with all of the rights and God-given blessings of any other human being. " The audience listened in disbelief as the President repeated his error at least a dozen times. . .

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR – VENTRAL-DORSAL POSTERIOR DORSAL ANTERIOR VENTRAL

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • SUPERIOR-INFERIOR – CRANIAL-CAUDAL SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) INFERIOR (CAUDAL)

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • MIDLINE: THE LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL RIGHT & LEFT HALVES • MEDIAL: CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE • LATERAL: FARTHER FROM THE MIDLINE

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS PROXIMAL UPPER EXTREMITY • PROXIMAL: CLOSER TO POINT OF ORIGIN PROXIMAL • DISTAL: FARTHER LOWER FROM POINT OF EXTREMITY ORIGIN DISTAL LOWER EXTREMITY DISTAL UPPER EXTREMITY

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • INTERIOR/INTERNAL INTESTINES LIE INTERNAL TO THE ABDOMINAL WALL • EXTERIOR/EXTERNAL THE MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL LIE EXTERNAL TO THE INTESTINES

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • SUPERFICIAL-DEEP/PROFUND: FARTHER FROM THE SURFACE SUPERFICIAL: CLOSER TO SURFACE

DESCRIPTIVE TERMS • IPSILATERAL= SAME SIDE • CONTRALATERAL= OPPOSITE SIDE THE RIGHT HAND IPSILATERAL LEG THE RIGHT HAND CONTRALATERAL FOOT

PLANES OF SECTIONS • MEDIAN/ MIDSAGITTAL DIVIDES BODY INTO EQUAL RIGHT & LEFT HALVES THROUGH MIDLINE

PLANES OF SECTIONS • SAGITTAL PARALLEL TO MEDIAN PLANE NOT THROUGH MIDLINE

PLANES OF SECTIONS • FRONTAL/ CORONAL DIVIDES BODY INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SECTIONS

PLANES OF SECTIONS • HORIZONTAL/ TRANSVERSE DIVIDES BODY INTO SUPERIOR & INFERIOR SECTIONS

PLANES OF SECTIONS • CROSS SECTION A CROSS SECTION CUTS A STRUCTURE PERPENDICULAR TO ITS LONG AXIS

CROSS SECTION OF THE ARM

PLANES OF SECTIONS • LONGITUDINAL SECTION A LONGITUDINAL SECTION CUTS PARALLEL TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE STRUCTURE

LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ACTIONS • ORIGIN = PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT – THE END OF THE MUSCLE THAT ORDINARILY DOES NOT MOVE AS THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS. • INSERTION = DISTAL ATTACHMENT – THE END OF THE MUSCLE THAT ORDINARILY MOVES AS THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS.

st 1 RULE OF MUSCLE ACTION • MUSCLES ONLY CAN DO WORK WHILE ATTEMPTING TO SHORTEN!!! – ISOTONIC • ECCENTRIC – ISOMETRIC • ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS • AGONIST/SYNERGIST

JOINT MOVEMENT

FLEX-EXTEND • FLEXION: REDUCING THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES.

FLEX-EXTEND • EXTENSION: INCREASING THE ANGLE BETWEEN 2 BONES.

ABDUCT-ADDUCT • ABDUCT: MOVE AWAY FROM MIDLINE.

ABDUCT-ADDUCT • ADDUCT: MOVE TOWARD MIDLINE.

CIRCUMDUCTION • CIRCUMDUCT: SEQUENTIAL ABDUCTION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, & FLEXION. MOVEMENT OF STRUCTURE DESCRIBES A CONE.

PRONATE-SUPINATE • PRONATE: TO CAUSE THE RADIUS TO CROSS THE ULNA AND THE PALM TO FACE POSTERIOR.

PRONATE-SUPINATE • SUPINATE: TO CAUSE THE RADIUS TO LIE PARALLEL TO THE ULNA AND THE PALM TO FACE ANTERIORLY.

PROTRACT-RETRACT • PROTRACT: TO MOVE LATERAL AND ANTERIOR--ABDUCTION PROTRACT/ABDUCTION

PROTRACT-RETRACT • RETRACT: TO MOVE MEDIAL AND POSTERIOR--ADDUCTION RETRACT/ADDUCTION

ELEVATE/DEPRESS • ELEVATE: TO MOVE SUPERIORLY

ELEVATE/DEPRESS • DEPRESS: TO MOVE INFERIORLY

GLIDING • GLIDE: TWO FLAT SURFACES THAT RUB ALONE ANOTHER.

ROTATION • ROTATE: STRUCTURE ROTATES ABOUT ITS LONGEST AXIS.

INVERSION/EVERSION • INVERSION: SOLE OF FOOT FACES MEDIALLY INVERSION

INVERSION/EVERSION • EVERSION: SOLE OF FOOT FACES LATERALLY EVERSION

DORSIFLEXION/ PLANTAR FLEXION • DORSIFLEXION: TOES MOVE TOWARD HEAD

DORSIFLEXION/ PLANTAR FLEXION • PLANTAR FLEXION: TOES MOVE AWAY FROM HEAD

PROTRUSION/ RETRUSION • PROTRUSION: THRUSTING OF JAW ANTERIOR

PROTRUSION/ RETRUSION • RETRUSION: MOVEMENT OF JAW POSTERIORLY