ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI REPRODUKSI TERNAK Oleh Nurul Isnaini

ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI REPRODUKSI TERNAK Oleh : Nurul Isnaini

PERBANDINGAN ORGAN REPRODUKSI TERNAK JANTAN Diagram of the reproductive system of the (a) bull; (b) ram; (c) boar; and (d) stallion.

Male Reproductive Tract

Bull Reproductive Tract

Male Reproductive Tract

Organ reproduksi ternak jantan dapat dibagi menjadi 3 bagian: 1. Organ kelamin primer gonad jantan, testis / testiculus 2. Kelenjar pelengkap dan sistem saluran 3. Alat kelamin luar (organ kopulatoris penis)

BAGIAN ORGAN RPR TERNAK JANTAN: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Scrotum Testis Epididimis Vas deferens Uretra Ampula Vesica seminalis Prostata Cowper’s gland Penis Preputium

ORGAN REPR JANTAN DAN FUNGSINYA Organ Fungsi Testis Memproduksi spermatozoa dan hormon androgen Scrotum Menyangga testis; mengatur suhu testes; melindungi testis Spermatic cord Menyangga testis; mengatur suhu testis Epididymis Mengatur konsentrasi spermatozoa; tempat penyimpanan spermatozoa; pematangan dan pengangkutan spermatozoa Vas deferens Pengangkutan spermatozoa Kelenjar Vesicularis Menambah cairan semen, sumber energi dan larutan penyangga (buffer) bagi semen Kelenjar Prostata Menambah cairan dan ion anorganik Kelenjar Bulbouretralis Membersihkan sisa urin Penis Alat kopulasi Preputium Melindungi ujung bebas penis

Testes produce sperm & testosterone Sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules See Fig. 46. 12

Testes produce sperm & testosterone Sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules At puberty, testosterone production begins in interstitial cells See Fig. 46. 12

Testes produce sperm & testosterone Sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules Sertoli cells regulate sperm production & nourish developing sperm See Fig. 46. 12

Testes produce sperm & testosterone Sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules Spermatozoa are produced by spermatogonia See Fig. 46. 12

b. Sperm

Human sperm – almost no cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg Head DNA Nucleus – DNA Acrosome – Enzymes See Fig. 46. 12

Human sperm – almost no cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg Head DNA Nucleus – DNA Acrosome – Enzymes Midpiece Mitochondria – Energy See Fig. 46. 12

Human sperm – almost no cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg Head DNA Nucleus – DNA Acrosome – Enzymes Midpiece Mitochondria – Energy Tail Flagellum – Propeller See Fig. 46. 12

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM There are 7 major parts of the female reproductive system: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ovaries Oviducts Uterine horns (2) Body of the uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva

Cow Reproductive Tract

Sow Reproductive Tract

Sow Reproductive Tract

Cow

Cow

Oviduct CL Ovary

Uterus

Uterus Cervix Vagina & Vulva missing

Cow Reproductive Tract

Female Reproductive System • Cervix – Area between the uterus and vagina – Normally closed – Opens at estrus and parturition – (2 -3 inches)

Female Reproductive System • Vagina - the female organ of copulation 1. admits penis 2. receives semen (except in sow) 3. passageway for fetus at parturition • Bladder - storage organ for urine • Vulva - extended genitalia; opening for both urinary and genital tracts

Female Reproductive System

Sow

Sow Uterine horns

Uterus Oviduct Ovary

Sow Ovary Follicles

Vagina Vulva Bladder

Histology ovary

Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle: Hormones from the brain’s “master gland” (pituitary) initiate development of egg-bearing follicles in the ovary

Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle: Estrogen produced by egg-bearing follicles stimulates the growth of the uterine lining

Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle: If pregnancy does not begin: 1) The corpus luteum breaks down 2) Progesterone levels fall

Fertilization may lead to pregnancy… Sperm deposited in the vagina during copulation swim through the uterus into the Fallopian tubes, where they may encounter an egg Sperm Oocyte (egg)

Fertilization may lead to pregnancy… Sperm release enzymes that break down the barriers around the egg (corona radiata and zona pelucida) oocyte Corona radiata – layer of accessory cells around egg Zona pellucida – jelly-like layer around egg

Fertilization may lead to pregnancy… Fusion of the nuclei of an egg and one sperm (fertilization) produces a zygote oocyte Corona radiata – layer of accessory cells around egg Zona pellucida – jelly-like layer around egg

Reproduction in Poultry Objective: Specify how the reproductive system for poultry functions

Reproduction in Poultry The poultry reproduction tract has five parts: 1) Vagina – Holds the egg until laid 2) Uterus – Secretes the shell 3) Isthmus – Adds the two shell membranes 4) Magnum – Secretes the albumen 5) Infundibulum – Where fertilization takes place

Reproduction in Poultry • Major difference: – Embryo of livestock develop inside the female’s body while the embryo of poultry develops inside the egg. • Poultry only have the left ovary and oviduct when mature • The yolk is the ovum • Chicken Incubation – 21 days

Fig. 21. 17. Reproductive tracts of female turtle and bird.

Avian Reproductive systems:

Avian Reproductive systems: -Common opening for urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. -All vertebrates except mammals -Can be introverted to deposit sperm!!