Anaplasmosis by dr Fatma khalifa Synonyms Bovine Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis by dr /Fatma khalifa

Synonyms Bovine Anaplasmosis Gall sickness disease

Defination • It is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Rickettsia • obligate intraerythrocytic organism of the genus Anaplasma , and characterized clinically by : 1 - Fever. 2 - Inappetence. 3 - Decrease milk yield. 4 - Progressive anaemia. 5 - Icterus and constipation.

Etiolgy Rickettsia are : • • • Intracellular gram-negative bacteria , Infected the intestine of arthropods. Infect RBCs of animals. Unstable and die quickly outside host cell. It is pleomorphic, coccoid , multiplies in membrane-bound inclusions called colonies in cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes (near the margin of the RBCs as in A. marginale and

Etiology A. ovis OR in the center of the cell as in A. centrale ). multiply by binary fission in RBCS. • Multiply in capillary endothelial cells producing cell damge and blood leakage several lesion in the body of host.

Etiology • Anaplasmosis is a disease of ruminant , Anaplasma marginale. Anaplasma centrale. Anplasma bovis. Anaplasma caudatum. Sheep , goat , deer and other antelopes , Anaplasma ovis. • Zoonotic disease , Anplasma phagocytophilum, but affects WBCs.

Transmission Anaplasmosis is transmitted by : 1 - Ticks such as Boophilus(Rhipicephalus) annulatus or Dermacentor spp. and Hyalomma spp. . 1 - Horse flies , Stable flies or Mosquitoes. 2 -Contaminated instruments such as (needles , surgical instrument , dehorning instrument , castration instrument , vaccination ……. . 4 - Blood transfusion. 5 - Intrauterine transmission was recorded.

Susceptibility • Cattles , Buffaloes , Sheep , Goats , Camels and wild animal. • Infected animals remain carriers for many years.

Factors affecting susceptiblity 1. All ages of cattle may become infected but, the severity of illness increases with age. So young animals suffer from less disease. Adult , suffer from acute and chronic disease (after recovery). OR , Calves under 6 months but, Adult cattle show no signs show signs.

Epidemiological pattern 6 months to 3 years - increasing ill. Ø 3 years - 30 -50 % die. Ø Carriers rarely become ill in second time. Ø Outbreaks related to : 1 - Lack of control programme. 2 - Ration between Anaplasmosis carriers and the amount of vector.

Source of infection 1 - infected animal. 2 - Carrier animal (inadequated treatment animal , non ruminant animals and cattle that recover from acute infection). 3 - Infected ticks.

Pathogensis and Life cycle • Enter the body through the bite or faeces of arthropod vectors. • Attach to endothelial cells which that induced phagocytosis and multiply intracellularly. • Endothelial damage either due to : accumulation of large numbers of bacteria o. R due to cell membrane damage by formation of actin tails and filopodia. • Result in widespread microvasular injury that lead to increased vascular permeability with encephalitis and pulmonary edema.

Pathogensis and life cycle

Clinical signs Lysis of RBCs Anemia Lack of oxygen Lack of nutrients

Clinical signs 1 - High fever. 2 - palness mucous membranes then icteric. 3 - Rapid respiration. 4 - Off feed. 5 - Loss of production. 6 - Dehydration and constipation. 7 - Occasional aggressive. 8 - Abortion. 9 - Incoordination and depression.

Clinical signs The animal appear yellow in colour as a result of icterus. The disease known as Yellow bag OR Yellow cow OR Yellow fever

Diagnosis 1 - Case history. 2 - Clinical signs. High fever , Constipation , Anaemia , Jaundic …. 3 - Examination of blood smear. It appear in Giemsa blood film as anaplasma bodies (near or central)in cytoplasm of RBCs. 4 - Serological examination as IFAT and agglutination technique. 5 - Haematological examination showing decrease in RBCs and HB.

NO Toxin NO Immunopathology Non Contagious

• Prognosis Treatable

Treatment Oxytetracyclin Chlortetracyclin Doxycyclin Rifampin

Control and prevention Vaccination. Biosecurity.