Analysis Update Manfred Bester THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis

Analysis Update Manfred Bester THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 1 October 5, 2004

Analysis Update Overview • • • Attitude Analysis – Covered in RFA Response Link Analysis Telemetry Recovery Pass Scheduling Power Analysis – Covered in RFA Response THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 2 October 5, 2004

Ground Network Link Analysis REQUIREMENT DESIGN M-56. The S-Band uplink and downlink shall have a link margin of ≥ 3 d. B at all points in the orbit through all mission phases. Compliance. See Link Budget. M-57. The THEMIS link analysis shall assume a 10 E-6 BER downlink and 10 E-6 BER uplink. Compliance. See Link Budget. Ground Station Downlink Frequency 2282. 5 MHz Modulation BPSK Ground Station Uplink Frequency Modulation (Mod. Index: 1. 0 rad) Probe Antenna Gain -3. 0 d. Bic Grnd Station Antenna Gain Probe EIRP 2. 9 d. BW Grnd Station EIRP (11 -m Antenna) Range Path Loss Polarization and Pointing Losses Ground Station G/T (11 -m Antenna) 30, 000 km 189. 2 d. B 1. 0 d. B Range Path Loss Polarization and Pointing Losses 2101. 8 MHz PCM/PSK/PM 45. 7 d. B 66. 8 d. BW 197, 000 km 204. 8 d. B 1. 0 d. B 24. 0 d. B/K Probe G/T -34. 6 d. B/K Data Rate 524. 288 kbps Data Rate 1. 0 kbps Bandwidth 1048. 576 k. Hz Bandwidth 1. 0 k. Hz Coding Gain 0. 0 d. B Coding Gain RS + Rate-1/2 Conv. BER 8. 0 d. B 10 -6 BER 10 -6 Required Eb/No 2. 8 d. B Required Eb/No 10. 5 d. B Predicted Eb/No 8. 1 d. B Predicted Eb/No 20. 8 d. B Implementation Loss Link Margin 2. 3 d. B 3. 0 d. B Implementation Loss Link Margin 2. 5 d. B 7. 8 d. B THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 3 October 5, 2004

Space Network Link Analysis Detailed Link Analyses Performed by GSFC Code 451 • • Ground Network and Space Network Support Link Margin as Function of Range and Data Rate TDRSS SSA Return Link Frequency Modulation (Mod. Index: 1. 6 rad) TDRSS SSA Forward Link 2282. 5 MHz PCM/PSK/PM Frequency Modulation (Mod. Index: 1. 0 rad) 2101. 8 MHz PCM/PSK/PM Probe Antenna Gain -3. 0 d. Bic TDRS Antenna Gain 37. 5 d. Bic Probe EIRP 2. 9 d. BW TDRS EIRP (High-power Mode) 48. 5 d. BW Range 43, 500 km Range Path Loss Polarization and RFI Loss 43, 500 km 192. 4 d. B 0. 8 d. B Path Loss Polarization Loss 191. 7 d. B 0. 1 d. B TDRS G/T 10. 5 d. B/K Probe G/T -34. 6 d. B/K Data Rate 1. 024 kbps Data Rate 1. 0 kbps Channel Power Split Loss 4. 9 d. B Modulation Loss 4. 1 d. B Coding Gain RS + Rate-1/2 Conv. 8. 0 d. B Coding Gain 0. 0 d. B BER 10 -6 Implementation Loss 2. 6 d. B TDRS Transponder Loss 4. 4 d. B Required Eb/No 2. 6 d. B Required Eb/No 10. 5 d. B Predicted Eb/No Link Margin 11. 7 d. B 9. 1 d. B Predicted Eb/No Link Margin 12. 1 d. B 1. 6 d. B THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 4 October 5, 2004

BGS RF Spectrum Survey Performed RF Survey at THEMIS Telemetry Frequency • Scanned Azimuth and Elevation in Several Sectors Using Automated Procedure for Interference Detection – Sector Scan: Azimuth 0° - 180°, Elevation 0° - 12° Azimuth 180° - 360°, Elevation 0° - 2° – Frequency: 2282. 5 ± 10 MHz – Polarization: RHCP and LHCP • Results – – – – Found Only One Signal with Power > 10 d. B at 2285. 9 MHz Narrow-band Signal, Unstable in Frequency Antenna Pointed at Azimuth 228. 3° and Elevation -1. 5° Peak Power 20 d. B with RHCP and 22 d. B with LHCP Feed Signal Drops to 6 d. B at 1. 5° Elevation Noise Floor at -93 d. Bm in 100 k. Hz RBW and 30 k. Hz VBW Signal Will Not Cause Interference with THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 5 October 5, 2004

Science Data Acquisition Various Science Modes • • • Slow Survey (SS) Fast Survey (FS) Particle Burst (PB) Wave Burst (WB) Mode Control Via ATS and/or On-board Triggers On-board Data Compression • Selectively Enabled / Disabled – Applied Prior to Downlink • Segmentation into 64 Byte Input Blocks – Output Blocks Are Variable in Length – Relatively Short Block Size Minimizes Impact from Bit Errors • Compression Factor of 1. 5 -2. 0 Achievable – Efficiency Depends on Instrument Data Type • Solid-state Recorder Sized at 256 MBytes – 100 MBytes Available for Storage of Science Data THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 6 October 5, 2004

Telemetry Data Rates Downlink Mode Schedule Duration Range Modulation Data Rate Stored Science and Engineering Downlink 1 Pass / Orbit / Probe 15 − 30 min 750 − 15, 000 km BPSK 1048. 576 kbps Stored Science and Engineering Downlink 1 Pass / Orbit / Probe 15 − 30 min 5, 000 − 20, 000 km BPSK 524. 288 kbps Stored Science and Engineering Downlink 1 Pass / Orbit / Probe 15 − 30 min 10, 000 − 30, 000 km BPSK 262. 144 kbps Stored Science and Engineering Downlink 1 Pass / Orbit / Probe 15 − 30 min 20, 000 − 40, 000 km BPSK 131. 072 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink with Ranging 1 Pass / Day / Probe 15 − 30 min 30, 000 − 50, 000 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 65. 536 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink with Ranging 1 Pass / Day / Probe 15 − 30 min 40, 000 − 70, 000 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 32. 768 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink with Ranging 1 Pass / Day / Probe 15 − 30 min 60, 000 − 100, 000 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 16. 384 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink with Ranging 1 Pass / Day / Probe 15 − 30 min 90, 000 − 150, 000 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 8. 192 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink with Ranging 1 Pass / Day / Probe 15 − 30 min 140, 000 − 200, 000 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 4. 096 kbps Real-time Engineering Downlink via TDRSS Real-time Maneuver & Contingency Support 15 − 30 min 5, 000 − 43, 500 km PCM/PSK/PM 1. 024 MHz S/C 1. 024 kbps Note: For any given pass, one telemetry rate will be selected based on predicted link margin. THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 7 October 5, 2004

Telemetry Data Delivery of Stored Telemetry Data • • Post-pass File Transfer Initiated by Ground Station or MOC Data Routing Transfer Medium Virtual Channels Maximum Data Volume / Pass Required Latency BGS to MOC Secure Local Area Network (100 Mbps) VC 0, VC 1, VC 2, VC 3, VC 6 225 MBytes 1 hour (Desired: 15 min) NASA/GN to MOC Open Internet VC 0, VC 1, VC 2, VC 3, VC 6 225 MBytes 24 hours (Desired: 12 hours) HBK to MOC Open Internet VC 0, VC 1, VC 2, VC 3, VC 6 225 MBytes 24 hours (Desired: 12 hours) WSGT to MOC Open Internet VC 0 900 k. Bytes THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 8 2 hours (Desired: 30 min) October 5, 2004

Telemetry File Naming Conventions • Format: – FACILITY. PROBE_BUS_NAME. TLM_VCN. YYYY_DDD_HHMMSS. dat • Examples: – – – BGS. THEMIS_A. TLM_VC 0. 2007_028_060312. dat WGS. THEMIS_B. TLM_VC 1. 2007_029_012031. dat MIL. THEMIS_C. TLM_VC 2. 2007_038_102319. dat AGO. THEMIS_D. TLM_VC 3. 2007_032_151745. dat HBK. THEMIS_E. TLM_VC 6. 2007_034_234512. dat – WSC. THEMIS_A. TLM_VC 0. 2006_301_001834. dat THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 9 October 5, 2004

Pass Support Plan Baseline Probe Contact Schedule Day Number Modulo 4 Probe 1 Probe 2 Probe 3 Probe 4 Probe 5 1 Data Recovery 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min 2 Tracking & Monitoring 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min 3 Tracking & Monitoring 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min 4 Tracking & Monitoring 15 -30 min Data Recovery 15 -30 min Blue: Required Passes for Recovery of All Telemetry Data at a Rate of 524. 288 kbps. Red: Additional Passes Available for Tracking and Probe Monitoring at THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 10 October 5, 2004 Lower Data Rates.

Mission Contact Schedule Available Near-perigee Contacts at Nominal High Data Rata of 524. 288 kbps THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 11 October 5, 2004

Prioritized Contact Schedule Prioritized Near-perigee Contacts at Nominal High Data Rata of 524. 288 kbps THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 12 October 5, 2004

Contact Schedule Detail Sample of Available Daily Contacts at Nominal High Data Rata of 524. 288 kbps THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 13 October 5, 2004

Low Rate Contact Schedule Available Contacts at Nominal Low Data Rata of 4. 096 kbps THEMIS FDMO Review Analysis Update − 14 October 5, 2004

Ground Station Contacts Ground Station Contact Summary • Number of Passes Based on Detailed 2 -Year Mission Design – BGS 11 -m (Primary) – WGS 11 -m, MILA 9 -m, AGO 9 -m and HBK 10 -m (Secondary) • Passes Included to Support Routine and Special Operations – Daily BGS Contacts with All Probes for State-of-health Monitoring – Maneuver Support, Instrument Commissioning, Doppler Tracking – L&EO Activities Cover 90 Days, Beginning on 21 -Oct-2006 Probe BGS WGS AGO HBK L&EO Science 1 150 750 60 50 30 20 2 150 750 60 90 30 20 20 30 3 150 750 60 20 30 20 20 20 4 150 750 60 20 30 20 20 20 5 150 750 60 150 30 60 20 40 Subtotal 750 300 330 150 140 100 130 Total Contacts THEMIS FDMO Review 4500 630 Analysis Update − 15 290 230 October 5, 2004

TDRSS Contacts TDRSS Contact Summary • Launch Support – Probe A Transmits During Probe Release • Maneuver Support Near Perigee – Apogee Raise Maneuvers for All Probes • Contingency Support – Not Very Critical Because of Long Ground Station View Periods Launch TDRSS Support Maneuver Contingency 1 h 12 h 2 2 8 h 2 3 2 h 2 4 2 h 2 5 4 h 2 28 h 10 h Probe 1 Subtotal Total Support THEMIS FDMO Review 1 h 39 h Analysis Update − 16 October 5, 2004