Analysis Process observations conceptual pictures meteorological analysis Observations

Analysis Process - observations - conceptual pictures - meteorological analysis

Observations Analysis Conceptual Picture + =

* Definitions (air masses, fronts) * Frontal Identification

Weather Station Model Current Weather Plots Miles/hr * 0. 87 = knots Meters/s * 1. 94 = knots

northerly Note: Direction is From not Towards easterly westerly southerly

1. Temperature 2. Humidity 3. Wind Shift 4. Pressure Tend. 5. Clouds/Precip.

Time Zones

Fri 06 Z Isobars Lines of constant Pressure

Table of common isopleths • • • Isobar Pressure Height Isohypse (Heights) Isotherm Temperature Isotach Wind Speed Isogon Wind Direction Isoshear Wind Shear Isodrosotherm Dew point Isohyet Precipitation Accumulation Isohaline Salinity Isohume Humidity Isoneph Cloudiness

Buys Ballot’s law Northern Hemisphere Surface High clockwise rotation (Anticyclonic) Surface Low counter-clockwise rotation (Cyclonic)

A change of 1 mb with elevation is approximately ~ 10 meters change near the surface. (AK) Fig. 1 -13, p. 15

Media content? All three maps are for the same day

Divergence and Convergence DIVERGENCE

Basic Circulation Model DLA Fig. 1. 16 Knowledge of 3 -dimensional and time-varying patterns and processes helps us make sense of --- and thereby better analyze --- surface, satellite, and radar observations.

Frontal Cyclone Features Knowledge of 3 -dimensional and time-varying patterns and processes helps us make sense of --- and thereby better analyze --- surface, satellite, and radar observations. DLA Fig. 1. 19

Measured Versus Calculated Variables GFS 500 h. Pa Winds 00 Z 18 July, 2013 Analysis

Measured Versus Calculated Variables GFS 500 h. Pa Absolute Vorticity 00 Z 18 July, 2013 Analysis

Measured Versus Calculated Variables TEMPERATURE ADVECTION COLD WA CO LD RM AD AD VV 5 H Fig. 6. 12 500 mb 10 WARM 15

The 22 Z Surface Weather Map DLA Fig. 1. 18 Resulting surface weather map in which analyzed features have been included based on: (a) surface and non-surface sensors: and (b) analyst’s knowledge of patterns and processes.