Analysis of Occupation from Multicultural Aspect Karin Lilienberg

Analysis of Occupation from Multicultural Aspect Karin Lilienberg, exchange lecturer Tallinn Health College, Estonia Riga 2006

Culture State of manners, taste and intellectual development at a time or place n Customs n Achievements n Products n Outlook n Hygiene, nutrition, exercise

Culture Leadership in the family n Attitudes towards work n Values, roles n Issue of language n Differing etnicity n Health beliefs and practices n

Multicultural – More than one culture – Supporting integration of people of different countries, ethnic groups, and religions into all areas of society

Occupation – Daily performance of purposeful activities – Includes activities that are playful, restful, serious, and productive – Reflects the unique characteristics (beliefs, preferences, experiences, environments, the specific patterns of behaviours) of the person – Have some degree of personal meaning

Occupation – A group of activities that has personal and sociocultural meaning, is named within a culture and supports participation in society. – Occupations can be categorized as self-care, productivity and/ or leisure

Occupation - Occupying or being occupied - what occupies one, means of filling up one’s time, temporary or regular employment, business, calling, pursuit - refers to all purposeful human activity Wilcock (1998)

Occupation • Generic term encompassing all aspects of a person’s engagement in roles, processes, activities or tasks in the course of daily life Hagedorn (1995)

Activity • The execution of a structured series of tasks that contributes to occupations (http: //www. enothe. hva. nl)

Purposeful activity n n n Have personal meaning combined with a goal-directed quality Involve active engagement that meets personal goals or needs Therapeutic, purposeful activities are used to evaluate, facilitate, restore or maintain an individual's abilities to meet demands in his or her life to engage in occupations

Meaning Entire interpretive process in which an individual engages Figuring things out or making sense out Depends on the interaction of the person's developmental structure and occupational form

Purpose • Experience of wanting an outcome to result from occupational performance • Link between meaning, developmental structure, and occupational performance (Nelson 1994: 23)

Task n 1. 2. A series of structured steps (actions and/or thoughts) intended to accomplish a specific goal. This goal could either be: The performance of an activity or A piece of work the individual is expected to do (http: //www. enothe. hva. nl)

Function • The underlying physical and psychological components that support occupational performance • The capacity to use occupational performance components to carry out a task, activity or occupation (http: //www. enothe. hva. nl)

Connection between occupation, activity, action and function l Life course repertoire of occupations l l Activity l l To have a breakfast Action l l Maintenance (self-care), productivity (work, play), rest/ free time (leisure) To drink coffee Function / operation l To grip the cup

PLAY DIGGING TUNNELS WETTING THE BRUSH CHOOSING THE COLOR PAINTING WATERCOLOURS SPREADING THE GROUND COLOR TO PAPER HOLDING THE BRUSH OCCUPATION DANCING PLANNING THE PICTURES SITTING IN A CHAIR PLAYING WITH DOLLS PAINTING THE PICTURES SEEING THE COLOURS ACTIVITY ACTION FUNCTION

Occupational analysis Hagerdorn (1997) describes occupational analysis as the ability to "understand the nature of an individual's participation and performance and what it means to him” (focused on the person as doer)

Occupational analysis Understanding the nature of the occupation, activity or task. (focused on the thing to be done).

Requirements to occupational analysis Participation analysis n existential analysis n performance analysis n occupational analysis n activity analysis n task analysis n applied analysis n Hagedorn (1997)

Concepts connected to activity analysis n Assessment: l n Process that is based on the knowledge about client Analysis l Logical, reductive process in the course of which something is minutely examined and broken down into simple components

Activity analysis n Basic analysis l l n Demand analysis l n Describes part of an occupation What is done, the order in which it is done and the essential tools and materials describes the demand which the task or activity places on the participant Applied analysis Considers the potential remedial benefits and application for a specific condition or particular individual and how the task or activity might be adapted to promote or enhance performance

Task – focused activity analysis n Step 1 Step 2 n Step 3 n Step 4 n Step 5 n n n Step 6 Step 7 n n n n Step 8 n Describe the activity Describe the typical age range of people who are engaged in this activity Describe the environmental aspects of the performance context List supplies and equipment needed to carry out the activity Describe the safety hazards inherent in this activity List the sequential steps of the activity What performance components are needed for the activity Grading and adapting activity

Client-centered analysis 1. 2. 3. 4. analysis of an occupational history analysis of patterns of participation analysis of performance demands and ability to respond analysis of interests

Analysis of patterns of participation • participation analysis – interests and patterns of engagement • routine or habit analysis – degree of flexibility or rigid of such patterns

References: • www. enothe. hva. nl • Hagedorn, R. 2000. Tools for Practice in Occupational Therapy: A Structured Approach to Core Skills. Churchill Livingstone.