ANALYSIS OF COAL FOR UTILIZATION P M V

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ANALYSIS OF COAL FOR UTILIZATION P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Knowledge

ANALYSIS OF COAL FOR UTILIZATION P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Knowledge to be Quasi-static while Destroying the Permanent Entropy Vehicles…. .

Design Issues Operational Issues Thermal structures Slagging. Fouling &Erosion Combustion System Fuel & Air

Design Issues Operational Issues Thermal structures Slagging. Fouling &Erosion Combustion System Fuel & Air Thermal Performance Fuel Preparation system Fuel Handling system Combustion performance

Analysis of Coal • Proximate Analysis & Ultimate Analysis. • Proximate analysis - to

Analysis of Coal • Proximate Analysis & Ultimate Analysis. • Proximate analysis - to determine the moisture, ash, volatiles matter and fixed carbon • Ultimate or elementary analysis - to determine the elemental composition of the coal

Fuel Model

Fuel Model

Dictionary of Few Indian Coals

Dictionary of Few Indian Coals

Ash Model

Ash Model

Additional Characteristics of Coal • Sulfur Content : Coal with sulfur > 5% is

Additional Characteristics of Coal • Sulfur Content : Coal with sulfur > 5% is not recommended for combustion. • Weatherability : Weathering or Slacking Index. • An indication of size stability • Denotes the tendency to break on exposure to alternate wet and dry periods. • Weathering index is the percentage of of coal passing through a seive having 170 mm 2 openings.

Additional Characteristics of Coal • Grindability Index : A measure of relative ease of

Additional Characteristics of Coal • Grindability Index : A measure of relative ease of grinding coals or the power required for grinding coals in a pulverizer. • GI = 6. 93 W + 13 -- W is the weight of sample passing through 200 mesh size. • Important in milling of the coal to a P. F. size specification. • Burning Characteristics of Coal : Free burning coals and Caking Coals -- Caking index -- Pulverulent, sintered, weakly caked, caked and strongly caked. • Ash Fusion temperature -- The temperature where the ash becomes very plastic -- Design of ash handling system. -Stoker furnace cannot use low ash fusion temperature coals.

Maximum Extra-somatic Energy Content of A Fuel • Obtained only thru Combustion. • Standard

Maximum Extra-somatic Energy Content of A Fuel • Obtained only thru Combustion. • Standard heat of combustion: • The energy liberated when a substance X undergoes complete combustion, with excess oxygen at standard conditions (25°C and 1 bar). • The heat of combustion is utilised to quantify the performance of a fuel in combustion systems such as furnaces, Combustion engines and power plants. • In industrial terminology it is identified as the Gross Heating (calorific) Value or Higher Heating (calorific) value. • In a general design calculations, only Net Heating (calorific) Value or Lower Heating (calorific) value is used.

Ranking of Coal Sub Bituminous (C ) High Rank Anthracite Low. Volatile (C )

Ranking of Coal Sub Bituminous (C ) High Rank Anthracite Low. Volatile (C ) Bituminous Medium Volatile Bituminous High-Volatile (C ) Bituminous A B HV Low Rank A B

Analysis of Coal • The Energy content -- CFRI Formulae - • Low Moisture

Analysis of Coal • The Energy content -- CFRI Formulae - • Low Moisture Coal(M < 2% ) -- CV (Kcal/kg) = 71. 7 FC + 75. 6 (VM-0. 1 A) - 60 M • High Moisture Coal(M > 2%) -- CV(kcal. kg) = 85. 6 {100 (1. 1 A+M)} - 60 M • Where, M, A, FC and VM denote moister, ash , fixed carbon and Volatile mater (all in percent), respectively.

Measurement of Calorific Value : Bomb Calorimeter : Control Mass

Measurement of Calorific Value : Bomb Calorimeter : Control Mass

Thermodynamic Description of Bomb Calorimeter • It is a combination of two closed systems.

Thermodynamic Description of Bomb Calorimeter • It is a combination of two closed systems. • Bomb: Constant volume closed system: Interacts only with calorimeter. • Calorimeter: Outer constant volume closed system: • Interacts only with bomb. • Isolates entire system with ambience.

The Bomb & Fuel

The Bomb & Fuel

Temperature of Water in the Jacket

Temperature of Water in the Jacket

Energy Balance & Estimation of CV Who all accepted the Thermal energy (heat) liberated

Energy Balance & Estimation of CV Who all accepted the Thermal energy (heat) liberated due to combustion?

Biochar Production Process

Biochar Production Process

Biochar Production at IIT Delhi Kiln Capacity: 25 L, Efficiency: 20 -25% Feedstock: Leaf

Biochar Production at IIT Delhi Kiln Capacity: 25 L, Efficiency: 20 -25% Feedstock: Leaf Waste, Operating Temperature<450° C

Analysis of Biochar C H N S O O/C H/C Moistur Volatil Fixe Ash

Analysis of Biochar C H N S O O/C H/C Moistur Volatil Fixe Ash p. H samples (%) (%) e d C (%) matter (%) LWB 400 79. 4 2. 3 0. 2 8. 6 0. 11 0. 03 1. 2 64. 9 24. 7 9. 3 10. 2 LWB 300 71. 3 3. 1 0. 9 0. 5 12. 6 0. 18 0. 04 1. 6 67. 5 20. 3 10. 6 9. 8 LWB 200 68. 3 4. 8 1. 1 0. 5 14. 2 0. 21 0. 05 2. 2 71. 0 15. 8 11. 0 9. 6