Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Martin Wafler seecon international gmbh

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Martin Wafler, seecon international gmbh Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

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Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. Contents 1. Concept 2. How it can optimize SSWM 3. Design principals 4. Treatment efficiency 5. Operation and maintenance 6. Applicability 7. Advantages and disadvantages 8. References Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 3

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Background and working principal (adapted from U. S. EPA 2006, SASSE 1998) • physical and biological (anaerobic) treatment of wastewater • integrated sedimentation chamber for pre -treatment of wastewater • alternating standing and hanging baffles • wastewater passes through the sludge to move to the next compartment • solid retention time (SRT) separated from hydraulic retention time (HRT) • high treatment rates due to enhanced contact of incoming wastewater with residual sludge and high solid retention • low sludge production Cut-away view and longitudinal section of an ABR Source: SANIMAS (2005), MOREL & DIENER (2006) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 4

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Examples Construction of different toilet blocks connected to twopre-fabricated fibreglass reactors comprising a settling chamber, an aerobic baffled reactor and a final anaerobic filter unit Source: BORDA 2009 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 5

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Examples Biogas settler as settlement compartment (near completion) at Pestalozzi School, Zambia Source: http: //www. germantoilet. org/ Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 6

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Examples The ABR under construction, down pipes and perforated slabs to support filter media in the Anaerobic Filter (AF) sections, pouring ABR’s concrete slab at Pestalozzi School, Zambia Source: http: //www. germantoilet. org/ Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 7

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Examples ABR (part of DEWATS) at Adarsh Vidyaprasarak Sanstha’s College of Arts & Commerce, India Source: N. Zimmermann Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 8

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 1. Concept Examples ABR (part of DEWATS) at Sunga Wastewater Treatment Plant, Kathmandu, Nepal Source: N. Zimmermann Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 9

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 2. How it can optimize SSWM • treatment of all wastewater (grey-, black- and/or industrial wastewater) that it is fit (after secondary treatment) for reuse and/or safe disposal • allows for recovery of biogas, which can be used as a substitute to e. g. LPG or fuel wood in cooking Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 10

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 3. Design principals ABRs start with settling chamber for larger solids and impurities followed by series of at least 2 , sometimes up to 5 upflow chambers (SASSE 1998) (MOREL & DIENER 2006) (SASSE 1998) Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) is relatively short and varies from only a few hours up to two or three days (FOXON et al. 2004; MOREL & DIENER 2006; TILLEY et al. 2008) up-flow velocity is the most crucial parameter for dimensioning, especially with high hydraulic loading. It should not exceed 2. 0 m/h. (SASSE 1998; MOREL & DIENER 2006) organic load <3 kg COD/m 3/day. Higher loading-rates are possible with higher temperature and for easily degradable substrates (SASSE 1998) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 11

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 4. Treatment efficiency Treatment performance of ABRs is in the range of (SASSE 1998; MOREL & DIENER 2006; BORDA 2008) • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal: 65% to 90%, • Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal: 70% to 95%, • Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal: up to 90% • Pathogen reduction: low (SINGH 2008) Superior to BOD-removal (30% to 50%) of conventional septic tank. (UNEP 2004) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 12

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 5. Operation and maintenance • inoculate („seed“) ABR with active anaerobic sludge from e. g. septic tank to speed up start-phase • allow bacteria to multiply, by starting with 1/4 of daily flow, and then increasing loading rates over 3 months • long start-up time do not use ABRs when need for treatment is immediate • check for water-tightness regularly and monitor scum and sludge levels • remove sludge every 1 to 3 years (preferably by vacuum truck or gulper to avoid that humans get in direct contact with sludge) • leave some active sludge in each compartment to maintain stable treatment process • take care of advanced treatment and/or safe disposal of sludge Source: adapted from SASSE 1998, TILLEY et al. 2008, EAWAG/SANDEC 2008 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 13

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 5. Operation and maintenance Examples Use of “straight handle” (left) and “Z-handle” (right) brushes for cleaning of down-ward pipes Source: K. P. Pravinjith Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 14

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 5. Operation and maintenance Examples Measuring sludge levels Source: K. P. Pravinjith Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 15

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 6. Applicability • be installed in every type of climate, although efficiency is affected in colder climates • suited for household level or for small neighbourhood as DEWATS (Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System) • suited for industrial wastewaters • be designed for daily inflows in a range of some m 3/day up to several hundreds of m 3/day • in general, installed underground and therefore appropriate for areas where land is limited • been pre-fabricated from e. g. fibreglass and used as final step for emergency sanitations (TILLEY et al. 2008) (EAWAG/SANDEC 2008) (FOXON et al. 2004; TILLEY et al. 2008) (BORDA 2009) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 16

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 7. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Disadvantages: • extremely stable to hydraulic shock loads • needs expert design • high treatment performance • simple to construct and operate • no electrical requirements • low capital and operating costs, depending on economy of scale • low sludge generation • biogas can be recovered Anaerobic Baffled Reactor • long start-up phase • needs strategy for faecal sludge management • effluent requires secondary treatment and/or appropriate discharge • clear design guidelines are not available yet • low reduction of pathogens 17

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 8. References BORDA (2009): Em. San - Emergency Sanitation. An innovative & rapidly installable solution to improve hygiene and health in emergency situations (Concept Note). Bremen: Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) EAWAG/SANDEC (2008): Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Lecture Notes. (=Sandec Training Tool 1. 0, Module 4). Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG), Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) FOXON, K. M. , PILLAY, S. , LALBAHADUR, T. , RODDA, N. , HOLDER, F. , BUCKLEY, C. A. (2004): The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)- An appropriate technology for on-site sanitation. In=Water SA Vol. 30 No. 5 (Special edition) MOREL A. , DIENER S. 2006. Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Review of different treatment systems for households or neighbourhoods. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). SANIMAS (2005): Informed Choice Catalogue. PPT-Presentation. BORDA and USAID SASSE, L. (1998): DEWATS Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. Bremen: Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 18

Find this presentation and more on: www. sswm. info. 8. References SINGH, S. , HABERLA, R. , MOOG, O. , SHRESTA, R. R. , SHRESTA, P. , SHRESTA, R. (2009): Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor and hybrid constructed wetland treating high-strength wastewater in Nepal- A model for DEWATS. In: Ecological Engineering 35. 654 -660 TILLEY, E. , LUETHI, C. , MOREL, A. , ZURBRUEGG, C. , SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Duebendorf and Geneva: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) U. S. EPA (2006): Emerging Technologies for Biosolids Management. (=EPA 832 -R-06 -005). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wastewater Management Anaerobic Baffled Reactor 19

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