An Understanding of Social Protection in Tamil Nadu

An Understanding of Social Protection in Tamil Nadu

Contents A. Introduction about Tamil Nadu Population details & with specific reference to Persons with disabilities Spending on social protection programmes B. Analysis of Tamil Nadu Schemes vis-à-vis persons with disabilities. Department of Disability Affairs An Introduction Understanding the budget allocations for specific programmes Overall Issues with respect reframing in lines with CRPD

Purpose 1. To understand what exists in terms of social protection in Tamil Nadu 2. To understand the issues pertaining to these schemes 3. To understand the need for reframing of the schemes in lines with CRPD and the way forward

Overview of Social Protection in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu: Population – 72, 147, 030 Districts – 32 Size (in terms of area) - 130, 058 Sq. Km. Second highest contributor to the GDP of India. GSDP - $ 97, 970 Percentage of People living below poverty line – 11. 28% of the population (plannning commission. nic. in) Countries Population South Korea 50 Burma 50 Italy 60 Uk 61 Thailand 65 France 65 Tamil Nadu (India) 67. 86 Turkey 70

Some Statistics of persons with disabilities in Tamil Nadu Population of persons with disabilities 1, 179, 963 Male 657, 418 Female 522, 545 Worker Population Main Worker (Anyone who 355, 910 hold jobs for more than 6 months) Marginal Workers 86, 122 Non-Worker Population 357, 825

Spending on Social Protection Tamil Nadu spends 14. 24% of its total expenditure for the year 2014 -15 on Social protection Programmes Spending on Social Protection Programmes 2, 81 3, 09 Childre n Adults Break up of spending on adults Food Security 17, 14 42 7, 3 Pension Livelihood 33 8, 34 Housing Note: These figures do not include the specific expenditure on programmes specific to persons with disabilities. However the pension scheme includes the NSAP & destitute pe for persons with disabilities. (Only physical coverage data is available). No data on how m persons with disabilities are benefitted out the remaining programmes is available.

Analysis of the Schemes that are specific to persons with disabilities

Overview The Budget Estimate of the Department of Disability Affairs for the 2014 -15 is 44. 92 Million USD The Department implements 56 schemes , which could be clubbed under the heads social protection, habilitation and rehabilitation, special schools, assistive devices, allowances and scholarships, self employment and skill development. The purpose of the department is envisaged to look in to the welfare of persons with disabilities. The schemes of the department are not referred under the key schemes of the Government that looks at social protection.

Overview contd… 2014 -15 Maintenance of Secretariat & commissionerate Travel Allownce 0, 88 0, 04 0, 01 2, 3 1, 63 5, 27 unemployment allowance 3, 9 Marriage Allowance 1, 37 Special Schools 1. Social Protection includes – Maintenance grant 2. Rehabilitation – Government run residential institutions and care homes Skill Training 17, 08 Rehabilitation Access & Assistive devices 48, 27 Education Allowance 0, 13 15, 44 Maitenance allowance Employment and Self. Employment Early Intervention 0, 21 2, 64 Grants to Sports Food Grant 3. Education Allowance – Scholarships, awards and scribe allowance & readers allowance etc, . 4. Employment & Self Employment – Loan subsidy and contributory allowance to the self employment programme of Union Government.

Department of Rural Development 1. Housing – At least 3% reservation for persons with disabilities. 2. NREGA – 100 days guaranteed unskilled work for rural population. Demand driven scheme priority job allocation for persons with disabilities. Differential time rate for persons with disabilities based on the time motion study conducted in Tamil Nadu. This has become a national guideline for implementation Madate tool and equipment accessibility Ensures transportation in case if the stays little away Issues: 1. Job cards for household. 2. Joint account for persons with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities 3. Guideline interpreted differently in different places. 4. Social audit does not include effectiveness of the programme to persons with disabilities. 5. Only programme that provides data disaggregation at the local level.

Issues overall 1. Issues with respect to Budget allocation and planning of programmes 2. Issues with respect to coverage 3. Issues with respect to guidelines 4. Issues with respect to the nature

Issues with respect to Budget Allocation and Planning of programmes 1. The department lacks vision and lacks systematic procedures for participatory planning for the target groups and implement schemes based on the loudest voices. This leads to: a. Similar schemes for different constituencies of persons with disabilities with different guidelines and procedures. This has impact in administration and monitoring. b. Many Schemes leading to administrative and budgetary bottlenecks c. Lack of effective schemes d. Constituencies with limited information and exposure loosing out on the most relevant schemes. 2. Schemes that could be part of the different sectors such as education, skill development, transportation, health are resourced the budget pool of this department Slide 9 3. 39 out of the 56 schemes have been initiated before 2007 i. e before the country ratified UNCRPD. Off which 28 schemes were initiated more than 20 years before the ratification of the convention

4, 5 4 3, 5 3 2, 5 2 1, 5 1 MA m arcce A H P es ri ss ss a ceensaancdacge an isti. MG HEm Sk. Hig Inc S bili d o al ion Inm. Al R ve N o p ill he Sc lu pe tat Ea h s c R u l lo l r w sotidoaw eas. Dev EGsinoym. Trar Edolaive ial ion ly I an tut an o ic A g E i r E u n en i c sh d du&Rnte ce tieosncena es t ng ati ip uc ca eh rv s ble on s at ti ab en io on il ti n ita on tio n rso ns Vis Th ua e. D l im ea pa f irm Pe en rso t ns wi th Pe res im rso tric pa ns ted Pe irm wit mo rs en h I on ts nt bil ell ity s. C e Pe ctu ur rs ed al on of s Pe Ha wi rs th ns on on Mu s Pe ’s sc wi rs ul th on a r s w Psy ch Pe ith rso De oso ns af cia Pe wi l t r h Re so n st ric s E tio xpe n in rien Pa cin rt ici g H pa igh tio n Pe Issues with respect to coverage Overview of schemes according to constituency 5

Issues with respect to coverage cont Note: Persons with Autism, intellectual impairments and multiple disabilities are not accessing programmes that lead to income generation excepting cash transfers such as maintenance grant and pension. Persons with psychosocial disabilities are not part of any schemes except regional Institutions. Even with social protection programmes, not all constituencies are equally included.

Analysis of specific schemes with respect to coverage Maintenance Grant Persons with Intellectual Impairment, Persons with muscular dystrophy, persons who Are cured of leprosy and persons experiencing high restriction in participation. In Tamil Nadu persons experiencing high restriction in participation include on persons Certified to having more than 60% impairment and do not include persons with Visual impairment, Deaf people and people with psychosocial disabilities. Skill Development There are specific schemes for people with visual impairment, deaf people and people wh are hard of hearing and people with mobility impairments. All those who access the maintenance grant and who experience high restriction in Participation including people with intellectual impairments and psychosocial disabilities Are not part of the skill development programmes. Loan Schemes People with Intellectual Impairments can only avail as an association with parents. This i Extended to people with psychosocial disabilities.

Issues with respect to the guideline Name of the Scheme Guideline Impact on Persons with Disabilities Maintenance Allowance 1. Persons with disabilities who cannot be rehabilitated under any other programme None of skill development and income generation programmes such as self employment programmes can be accessed 2. Only persons with intellectual impairments, muscular dystrophy, persons who are cured of leprosy and persons with severe impairments (in procedure people with mobility impairments) are eligible. Persons experiencing high restriction in participation across other constituencies are not included and people with psychosocial disabilities and other medical conditions leading to impairments are not covered.

Name of the Scheme Guideline Skill Development 1. Skills are identified for There is no option for different constituencies choice and only those skills are offered. 2. Only persons with visual impairment, hearing impairment and mobility impairments are covered. Impact on Persons with Disabilities

Issues with respect to the nature of the Scheme All the schemes except the destitute pension programme that lead to social protection implemented by department are supply Driven instead of being a demand driven scheme.

Issues involved in reframing of social protection 1. Reframing involves getting all constituencies of persons with disabilities Together and coming to a consensus. 2. Government involving different constituencies in an isolated manner for planning has not supported coming together of persons with disabilities before placing any demand. 3. Convincing the Government to get into analysing the effectiveness of different programmes. 4. Problems in establishing convergence across sectors. 5. Lack of role clarity for the department. 6. Reframing takes time. 7. Lack of procedures to transfer skills within the administrative structure on the changing scenario and on rights based approach.