An Overview of the Unconventional Petroleum Potential of

An Overview of the Unconventional Petroleum Potential of the Karoo Basins, Onshore South Africa By Sean Bevin Johnson

Basin Extent and Geology B N DWYKA + ECCA STORMBERG BEAUFORT 200 km A

Cross Section through Karoo Basin A CAPE SUPERGROUP CAPE FOLD BELT KAROO SUPERGROUP B DRAKENSBERG GROUP Molteno Formation STORMBERG GROUP BEAUFORT Sea Level Vry ECCA DWYKA heid ma For tion

Petroleum Potential Oil Window N Gas Prone 200 km

Coal Bed Methane Potential Coal Seam Thickness >1. 5 m Gas Content - Low Ash Coal Rank - High Vitrinite SOUTPANSBERG WATERBERG Depth of Burial >200 m SPRINGBOKFLATS Coal Permeability [0. 1 -100 md] N MOLTENO 200 km

Waterberg Aerial Extent ~3, 000 km 2 40% remaining reserves Net Coal Thickness ~70 m WATERBERG High Vitrinite Initial Estimates ~1 Tcf N 200 km

Springbok Flats Aerial Extent ~ 10, 000 km 2 Thickness ~<1 m - 30 m High Vitrinite Basin is largely untested – Potential SPRINGBOK FLATS N 200 km

Soutpansberg Aerial Extent ~5, 300 km 2 Coal erratic and discontinuous Thickness 2 -5 m High Vitrinite SOUTPANSBERG Shallow Depth < 100 m N 200 km

Main Karoo Basin Highveld Coalfields Gaseous Coals Thickness of seams >1. 6 m Depth of Burial > 250 m Low Permeability HIGHVELD N Molteno Coalfield Two Main seams – Indiwe and Guba Average Thickness ~1. 15 m High Ash Content MOLTENO 200 km

Potential for Shale Gas High C organic content in Shale Tested flow rate ~1. 84 MMscf/d Prince Albert + Whitehill Fm – Extent ~300 000 km 2 17% Organic Carbon Thickness ~10 -80 m (ave. 30 m) N 200 km Whitehill Fm

Resistivity Profile of Whitehill Fm (Branch et al. , 2007)

Explorer Activity

Conclusions DRAKENSBERG GROUP CAPE FOLD BELT Molteno Formation CBM BEAUFORT Shale Gas ehill Whit Sea Level STORMBERG GROUP Form Dry Gas Stage DWYKA ECCA CBM Oil Stage Vryheid Formation