An Introduction to Gulf Petroleum Ltd Flow Measurement

An Introduction to Gulf Petroleum Ltd Flow Measurement Consultancy 1

Metering General Principles Why We Measure • • • Regulatory requirements Contractual obligations Process optimization Production accounting Safety What We Measure • • Product quantity (how much) Product quality (how good) Custody Transfer / Allocation Uncertainty Levels Regulations & Standards

Uncertainty versus Yearly Product Losses or Unaccounted For Improvement in measurement accuracy of 0. 10% on a 30, 000 BPH (4, 770 m 3/h) flow stream will result in $13, 140, 000 per year reduced risk in product accounting

From Concept to Completion An Integrated Approach Feasibility & Design Review & Improve The Complete Metering Solution Construct & Commission Support & Maintain 4

Complete Metering Solution Feasibility and Design q q q q q Construct and Commission Support and Maintain Review and Improve Project Management through CONCEPT, SELECT, FEED, Detailed Design, FAT, SAT, Commissioning Conceptual Design & Feasibility Studies Detailed Specifications & Basis of Design Dossiers System Uncertainty Analysis Cost Benefit & Exposure Analysis Site Survey / System Reviews Independent Review of Proposals Liaison with Regulatory Authority & Partners Provide Cost Effective & Innovative Solutions 5

Complete Metering Solution Feasibility and Design q q q q Construct and Commission Support and Maintain Review and Improve Design & Construct tailor made solutions to meet the requirements of the client and the installation Production of Functional Design Specification Factory Acceptance Testing Procedures Site Acceptance Testing Procedures Installation & Commissioning Services Delivery of New, Expanded & Upgrade Solutions Health Care Contract Provision Obsolescence Management 6

Complete Metering Solution Feasibility and Design q q q q q Construct and Commission Support and Maintain Review and Improve Metering Management Maintenance Delivery via Tailored Contracts Creation & Administration of Contract KPI’s Liaison with Regulatory Authority & Partners First Line Technical Support Allocation & Hydrocarbon Accountancy Services Maintenance Philosophies Operating, Maintenance & Allocation Procedures Test Equipment & Spares Management Audit Support / Management of Actions 7

Complete Metering Solution Feasibility and Design q q q q q Construct and Commission Support and Maintain Review and Improve Audits, Inspections & Reviews of Systems Production of Risk Based Improvement Plans Training of Personnel (Generic or Specific) Maintenance Strategy Review & Optimisation Advice on Deployment of New Technology Mis-measurement Review & Validation Troubleshooting & Root Cause Analysis Independent Witnessing of Strategic Testing Technical Representation 8

Personnel Expertise We have unique experience in the provision of specialist metering management and related services to the oil and gas sector Metering Consultants System Auditors SVQ Level III Assessors Metering Engineers Metering Technicians Hydrocarbon Accountants Project / Contract Engineers Technical Assistants Planning Engineers Procurement Stores Management

Where do we meter? TRANSMISSION PRODUCTION GAS PROCESSING PIPELINE QUALITY GAS CITY GATES OIL POWER PLANTS LPG INDUSTRIAL PLANTS LNG PROCESS REFINING & PETROCHEMICAL PROCESSING BULK STORAGE TERMINAL RESIDENTIAL MARKETING TERMINAL TRANSPORTATION PIPELINE JETTY UNLOADING TRANSPORT 10

Project design and solution 11

Measurement Terms Error Metering Calibration, Auditing & Validation Error is the difference between the true value of the measurand the measured value. The total error is a combination of both systematic error and random error. Precision & Accuracy Precision is the closeness of agreement between independent measurements, largely affected by random error. Accuracy is an expression of Metering Codes, Best the lack of error. Practices & Standards Uncertainty characterizes the range of values within which the true value is asserted to lie with some level of confidence. Measurement Uncertainty by Statistical Evaluation of Errors

Management and Control of Meter Calibrations 13

FISCAL PRINTER DMS+ DATA TO SCADA LAN / HUB / DATA HIGHWAY TCP/IP RS 485 TCP/IP DX Prover Flow computer PT TE RS 485 Can Full c/c DX Meter Flow computer Meter Prover Density Frequency 4 Wire To Flow computer or DMS 4 -20 m. A Flow c/c Sampler BS&W 4 -20 m. A Densitometer, or sampling DPT FT FT PT TE Stream 1 Stream 2, 3, 4……. 14

CALORIFIC VALUE, CHROMATOGRAPH HYDROCARBON DEWPOINT Supervisory DATA TO SCADA - TCP/IP RS 485 / TCP/IP RS 485 SULPHUR RS 485 / TCP/IP ETHERNET SWITCH Fiscal Printer TCP/IP 4 -20 m. A Gas Volume Gas Quality Stream Sequencing Analyser Control Stream Status & Control Alarms and Events Calibration & Audit Condition Based Monitoring Reporting RS 485 0 -16 bar Dual Pulse IP 252 4 Wire / HART Frequency Stream Flowcomputer To Supervisory Computer c/c 0 -2. 5 4 -20 m. A / HART RS-485 x 2 Dual DP Cells RS 485 & TCP/IP TRACE MOISTURE bar P T Stream 1 - Designed to AGA-9 Specifications Stream 2, 3, 4……. WHAT IS WRONG ? 15

Projects, Consultancy and Auditing 16

Consulting on Meter Diagnostics 17

New Technologies Have Incredible Stability Over Time… Diagnostics are commonly Associated with New Technologies 18

Potential Problems Diagnostics Detect LIQUID METERS GAS METERS Performance Degradation Water in Oil Gas in Liquid Reducing Calibration Process Changes Performance Degradation Dirty / Wet Gas Process Build Up On The Meter Control Valve Noise Installation Effect Performance Proving Difficulties Sustained Performance and Process Changes Impact on Overall Measurement Uncertainty positively and negatively retrospectively ! 19

CORIOLIS - Commonly Used Diagnostics Density Monitoring Drive Gain Smart Meter Verification Two Phase Flow Detection Emerson Confidential

ULTRASONIC - Commonly Used Diagnostics Gain Signal Quality Signal To Noise Ratio Velocity Profile Velocity of Sound Emerson Confidential

Two meter in One instantly verifies custody meter accuracy, detects problems Challenge Remote locations or large lines without a bypass increase risk of downtime Contracting parties may specify a second independent meter to verify the custody measurement Emerson Confidential 3417 Daniel Gas Ultrasonic Value Ensures measurement availability/uptime Second meter verifies primary meter performance and can extend the calibration period Reduces capital costs by eliminating a meter run or intermediate piping

Everyday use of Ultrasonic Meter Diagnostics EXAMPLE OF A METERING DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW by TAG Measurement Performance Established, Evaluated Sustainability As-Found and Recommended an Implementing a Program to reduce Re-Calibration Frequencies 30

Meter Diagnostics, Condition Based Monitoring and Remote Access A Diagnostic Solution As an alternative to costly proving facilities or re-calibrations a CBM method can be implemented – • Monitoring diagnostics verifies Meter integrity • Trending diagnostic very important to identify problems before they happen • Remote Monitoring diagnostic access on remote terminal or over wireless network ! Taking diagnostic information at the initial flow calibration Installing meter in according to manufacturer recommendations Monitor and trend diagnostic information over time Only re-calibrate when or if the diagnostic information tells you 31

Meter Diagnostics Summary Meter Recalibration is no longer prescriptive, but condition based. If a control limit is triggered, the engineer then takes a closer look at the station. This does not necessarily mean recalibration. Trending Diagnostic Data as part of Condition Based Monitoring of a meter can provide us with the ultimate healthy objective. Provides Assurance of Meter Systems Performance The ultimate objective is to correlate diagnostics with meter station uncertainty !!!! 31