An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Uni and Multidimensional

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Uni- and Multidimensional Models Tomàs, J. Y

Unidimensional Models • Cause Effect • Linear = one direction (no feedback loops) • Demonic Possession (Medieval Europe) • Somatogenic Models (late 19 th-early 20 th c. ) – General paresis caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum (discovered by Noguchi & Moore in 1913) • Psychogenic Models (late 19 th-early 20 th c. ) – Psychoanalysis: Conversion & neurotic conditions caused by inner-drive conflicts (Freud) Y

Unidimensional Models II • Behavioral Models – Classical Conditioning (Pavlov: early 20 th c. ) – Operant Conditioning (Skinner: mid 20 th c. ) • Sociological Models – Social Conditions of Poverty (late 19 th c) – Social Status (mid 20 th c. ) – Role Theory (Goffman: mid-late 20 th c. ) • Humanistic Models – Interpersonal relations in developmental period (Carl Rogers: mid-20 th c. ) • Cognitive Models – Errors of thinking (akin to programming errors in computers: mid-20 th c. to present) Y

Unidimensional Models III • Early Biomedical Models (early-mid 20 th c. ) Shock Therapies • 1917 Malaria-induced fever for paresis (Julius Wagner-Jauregg) • 1927 Insulin-induced coma for SZ (Manfred Sakel) • 1934 Metrazol-induced coma for SZ & affective psychosis (von Meduna) • 1938 Electroconvulsive tx (Cerletti & Bini) Psychosurgery (1930 s-early 1950 s) for SZ • • • 1936 1945 Leukotomy (Moniz & Lima) Walter Freeman & James Watts (US) Freeman “Ice Pick Lobotomy” Y

Unidimensional Models IV • Psychiatry returns to its “medical roots” (i. e. bio-physiology) in late 1970 s • Growth of psychopharmacy since 1970 s • Genetic theories of mental disorders (behavioral genetics) & the emergence of evolutionary psychology since 1980 s. Y

Multidimensional Model Y