An Electron Ion Collider at HIAF Xurong Chen

An Electron Ion Collider at HIAF Xurong Chen for the EIC@HIAF study group The Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, China The 5 th Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities in USA Huangshan, July 3, 2013 1

Outline I. Introduction to IMP II. EIC@HIAF III. Physics and Simulations IV. Conclusions 2

The Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) u The institute of Modern Physics(IMP) was founded in 1957. It is affiliated with Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) u The national Laboratory for the heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou was established at the IMP in 1991. u IMP mainly focuses on basic research in heavy ion physics and its related interdisciplinary science u There about 800 scientists and engineers, including two academicians of CAS and 60 full professors u IMP is one of the well-known research centers of low-and intermediate energy heavy ion physics in the world. 3

IMP @ Lanzhou

Main EIC plans in the world EIC@HIAF LHC LHe. C RHIC e. RHIC CEBAF MEIC/EIC HERA FAIR ENC 5

The Layout of HIAF Complex 2. 4 Ge. V e. Linac-Ring ER 2. 4 Ge. V (e) 3. 0× 1013 ICR-43 12. 0 Ge. V (p) 4. 1× 1012 Ø Key Characteristics: CBR 13/12 ABR 20/18 Ø Ø Ø High energy & High intensity & Pulse Cooled intense primary beam & RIBs Beam compression Super long period slow extraction Multi-operation modes 3. 9 ms/turn, 173 turns, 680 ms (A=400, ε=2. 3, f=1. 5) 3. 0 Ge. V (p) 2. 8× 1012 SLinac 0. 34 Ge. V/u (238 U 34+) 2. 7× 1011 6. 2 ms/turn, 70 turns, 430 ms (A=400, ε=5. 7, f=1. 5) 17 Me. V/u (U 34+) 50 Me. V/u (p) 40 pm. A 1 pm. A 5 Hz, 430 μs 1 Hz, 680 μs For more details, see Jiancheng Yang’s talk

Lepton-Nucleon Facilities EIC@HIAF: e(2. 4 Ge. V) +p(12 Ge. V), both polarized, L = 4 x 1032 cm 2/s HIAF

EIC@HIAF Kinematic Coverage Comparison with JLab 12 Ge. V e(2. 4 Ge. V) +p(12 Ge. V), both polarized, L = 4 x 1032 cm 2/s l EIC@HIAF Phase-1: ~2019: 2. 4 x 12 Ge. V l Both e and p polarized l Luminosity: 4 x 1032 cm 2/s Ø EIC@HIAF Phase-2: ~2030 10 x 100 Ge. V EIC@HIAF: • study sea quarks (x > 0. 01) • deep exclusive scattering at Q 2 > 5 -10 • higher Q 2 in valance region

Unified view of nucleon structure EIC – 3 D imaging of nucleon structure: ØTMDs – confined motion in a nucleon (semi-inclusive DIS) ØGPDs – Spatial imaging of quarks and gluons (exclusive DIS) 9

The Unique Advantages of EIC@HIAF l The main theme for JLab 12 Ge. V is the study of the valance quark structure (and confinement) l The main theme for full EIC (e. RHIC, ELIC, LHe. C…) is to understand the gluons l The energy reach of the EIC@HIAF is higher than JLab 12 Ge. V but lower than the full EIC being considered in US (at about the lower end) l EIC@HIAF phase-1 (3 Ge. V e x 12 Ge. V p): x is in region[0. 01, 0. 1]. It’s the best region for sea quark study 10

Spin-Flavor Study at EIC@HIAF l Unique opportunity for Δs Ø JLab 12 Ge. V energy not high enough to have clean Ds measurements But, EIC@HIAF, combination of energy and luminosity： Ø By semi-inclusive DIS, in particular, for Kaons , will help to identify strange quark helicity

TMD Study at EIC@HIAF l Unique opportunity for TMD in “sea quark” region Ø reach x ~ 0. 01 (JLab 12 mainly valence quark region, reach x ~ 0. 1) Ø Semi-inclusive DIS, for charged hadrons, to measure TMD sea quark distributions Ø Charm-pair production to measure TMD gluon distributions l Significant increase in Q 2 range for valence region energy reach Q 2 ~40 Ge. V 2 at x ~ 0. 4 (JLab 12, Q 2 < 10)

GPD Study at EIC@HIAF l Significant increase in range for DVCS Ø Extend the kinematics covered by JLab l Unique opportunity for Deeply virtual meson production (DVMP) (pion/Kaon) Ø flavor decomposition needs DVMP energy reach Q 2 > 5 -10 Ge. V 2 Ø JLab 12 energy not high enough to have clean light meson deep exclusive process Ø which is the case for EIC@HIAF design

Hadron Physics at EIC@HIAF l Many aspects of hadron’s partonic structure can be naturally addressed by EIC, but, not other machines: e+ e-, pp, p. A, AA l There a lot to be done in the meson (including exotic meson) and X-Y-Z particles, where EIC might have an important role to play

Golden Measurements at EIC@HIAF 1. To measure strange quark polarization in kaon Semiinclusive DIS production 2. TMD Sivers function in Semi-inclusive DIS, Q 2 evolution, etc. 3. DVCS/DVMP, to measure quark orbital angular momentum 4. Quark propagation in medium to compare with heavy ion collisions 15

EIC@HIAF meeting l The 2 nd International workshop on QCD and Hadron Physics, March 30 -April 3, 2013, Lanzhou ü QCD and hadron physics ü EIC Physics ü EIC@HIAF

EIC@HIAF meeting • The four experiments were re-affirmed as good candidates for golden measurements • Some of the unique advantages of the EIC@HIAF (comparing to fixed target experiments) for SIDIS study were emphasized (Ahbay and Elka), especially the clean separation of the current fragmentation from the target fragmentation (Delta_s, TMDs and hadronization clean measurements) • Adjustability of beam energy is needed for flavor separation of GPD study (which is the case for EIC@HIAF design) • We decided to do simulation and whitepaper at once, and should be done before July 2013 17

Two More Golden Measurements l Craig Roberts: ü Pointed out the importance of higher Q 2 EIC@HIAF will provide (comparing to JLab 12), which are essential for clean measurement in the valence quark region ü Suggests: (5) the pion and kaon structure function measurment, which can be a benchmark experiment to test non-perturbative QCD calculations l Eli: (6): EMC-SRC measurement: which will be a high impact experiment if EIC@HIAF can make precision measurement 18

Simulation Progress l Xiaodong Jiang's group (Los Alamos) is doing the sea-quark polarization simulation and it has been done l The TMD simulation is done by Haiyan's group (Duke). The plot is being finalized. l The GPD group (Saclay/ODU/JLab) is doing the GPD (DVMP with pi/K) simulation, they are trying to produce results l Paul Reimer (Argonne) is doing the pion structure function simulation. Craig has produced first draft of a write-up 19

The TMD simulation: Projections for SIDIS Asymmetry π+ By Haiyan’s group 20 EIC@HIAF may reach the same precision with So. LID

Sea Quark Sivers Function l we can clearly see that the EIC will be a powerful facility enabling access to TMDs with unprecedented precision, and particularly in the currently unexplored sea quark region l This precision is not only crucial for the fundamental QCD test of the sign change between the Sivers asymmetries in the DIS and Drell-Yan processes, but also important to investigate the QCD dynamics in the hard processes in SIDIS l Exploration of the sea quark Sivers function will provide, for the first time, the unique information on the spin-orbital correlation in the small-x region 21

Simulated errors for pi structure function measurement By Paul E. Reimer • Simulated errors for DIS events using a 3 Ge. V electron beam on a 12 Ge. V proton beam with a luminosity of 5 x 1032 cm− 2 s− 1 and 106 s of running. A precise result could be 22 obtained on the domain x <= 0. 9

Our Future Plan l l l Ø Ø Physics Simulations (will be done very soon) Detector simulations Whitepaper writing Jianwei Qiu, Feng Yuan, etc. , are working hard on it The first draft will come up very soon Chinese version is needed It really needs international community efforts on simulations and whitepaper writing ! 23

Job Opportunities l Now we have several immediate openings for postdoctoral researchers/guest Professors to work on EIC related physics (such as QCD, nucleon structure, small x physics, hadron physics, etc. ) l For further information you may refer to the following links: Ø http: //inspirehep. net/record/1189703 Ø http: //inspirehep. net/record/1206133 Ø http: //inspirehep. net/record/1210538 l If one needs further information please contact us: Ø zhpm@impcas. ac. cn (theory) Ø xchen@impcas. ac. cn (experiment) Welcome! 24

Summary l EIC@HIAF opens up a new window to study/understand nucleon structure, especially the sea quark l Anthony Thomas: This proposal at IMP is extremely exciting and to have this working in 6 years would be wonderful. It is a machine ideally suited to a number of important problems. l Craig Roberts: ① Providing the understanding of hadrons, verifying QCD, perhaps, or replacing it, will be one of Nuclear Physics’ greatest contributions to science. ② It is in a position to make concrete predictions (Predictions for GPDs and TMDs will follow). Such predictions represent consequences of statements about confinement and DCSB (Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking ) ③ If China-EIC is in a position to test those predictions, then we can get to the heart of the most interesting problem in fundamental physics today