An Age of Limits President Nixon reaches out

An Age of Limits President Nixon reaches out to Communist nations, but leaves office disgraced by the Watergate scandal. His successors face a sluggish economy, environmental concerns, and a revolution in Iran. President Richard Nixon and his assistant, H. R. Haldeman (right), in front of White House (1969). NEXT

An Age of Limits SECTION 1 The Nixon Administration SECTION 2 Watergate: Nixon’s Downfall SECTION 3 The Ford and Carter Years SECTION 4 Environmental Activism NEXT

Group Activity: Nixon Warmup: In your assigned groups: • Appoint a leader, a writer and a presenter and all appoint yourselves “researchers/ brain-stormers” • Take 5 minutes and collaborate (or use cell phones/computers to list 5 FUN facts about Nixon…. (HIINT: you can use facts previously learned in earlier chapters!) Groups will share their 5…

Section 1 The Nixon Administration President Richard M. Nixon tries to steer the country in a conservative direction and away from federal control. NEXT

Photo Analysis: Look for details! List 2 Sims and 2 differences in lists or Venn diagram:

Photo Analysis details and a Clever headline

SECTION 1 The Nixon Administration Nixon’s New Conservatism New Federalism • Richard M. Nixon: decrease size and influence of federal government • New Federalism—give part of federal power to state, local government • Nixon proposes revenue sharing, which becomes law in 1972: - state, local governments now decide how to spend federal money Welfare Reform: Goal: Overhaul inefficeient system • Family Assistance Plan gives family of four a base income ALSO: $1, 600/yr; And requires unemployed enter job training • Senate liberals, conservatives defeat bill Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION continued Nixon’s New Conservatism 1 New Federalism Wears Two Faces • Nixon backs some social spending increases to win Democratic support • Tries to dismantle some programs, impounds for others ($15 Billion) - courts order release of impounded funds Law and Order Politics • Nixon moves aggressively to end war, mend divisiveness in country • Begins law and order policies to end riots, demonstrations - sometimes uses illegal tactics NEXT

Nixon’s Southern Strategy SECTION 1 A New South • Southern Democrats help segregationist George Wallace win 5 states • Nixon: win over Southern Democrats for votes, majority in Congress - Southern strategy—appeal to Southern Dems and their dislike of desegregation, Supreme Court Chart Nixon Slows Integration • To attract white voters in South, Nixon slows desegregation • Supreme Court orders Nixon to comply with Brown ruling • Nixon opposes extension of Voting Rights Act but Congress extends it Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued Nixon’s Southern Strategy Controversy over Busing • Supreme Court rules school districts may bus to end segregation • Students, parents in some cities protest angrily • Nixon goes on national tv to urge Congress to halt busing Image A Battle over the Supreme Court • 1969, Nixon appoints Warren Burger as chief justice • Also appoints 3 associate justices; makes Court more conservative • Court does not always vote conservative NEXT

SECTION 1 Confronting a Stagnant Economy The Causes of Stagflation • Stagflation—combination of high inflation, high unemployment • Inflation result of LBJ’s deficit spending on war, social programs • Unemployment from more international trade, new workers • Rising oil prices, U. S. dependence on foreign oil add to inflation • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controls OIL prices Map Nixon Battles Stagflation • Nixon tries different strategies; none have much success NEXT

SECTION 1 Nixon’s Foreign Policy Triumphs Kissinger and Realpolitik • Henry Kissinger—national security adviser, later secretary of state • Realpolitik—: Nations should make decisions based only their own interests. foreign policy based on power issues, not ideals, morals • Realpolitik calls for U. S. to confront powerful nations, ignore weak • Nixon, Kissinger follow policy of détente—easing Cold War tensions Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued Nixon’s Foreign Policy Triumphs Nixon Visits China • 1971, Nixon’s visit to China a huge success; U. S. , China agree to: • - cooperate over disputes, have scientific, cultural exchange, and economic ties! • Takes advantage of rift between China, Soviet Union (divide & conquer) Image Nixon Travels to Moscow • 1972, Nixon visits Moscow; he, Brezhnev sign SALT I Treaty: - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks limit missiles to 1972 levels • Foreign policy triumphs, expected Vietnam peace help win reelection Chart NEXT

VLA review: Nixon Bio! with die roll x 2 details! https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=H u. Nc-D 4 df. Hc Or…. we cover the Nixon visits China vla with die roll x 2 details… https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=N 5 V 9 s. P_n. DCM

Wrap-up: Group Activity: In your pre-assigned groups of 2 or 3: Appoint a Writer, a and 2 presenters Discuss Section 1 notes and collaborate on what the TOP KEY questions from this section are. Write them on one sheet and include answers…be prepared to ask your classmates !

1. Whip Around review!! One fact learned from each Student! No repeats = ½ the hw! 2. Class Work/HW follow up: A. Using cell phones/internet Research & List 10 fun/odd facts about Richard Nixon or events that happened when he was president and then draw an image of any 1 of the most entertaining events or facts!

• Review your Chap 32 section 1 notes for 5 easy “Green” word Questions!

Groups Collaborate on Clicker Warm up then… Section 2: Watergate: Nixon's Downfall President Richard Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal forces him to resign from office. NEXT

Watergate Survey and VLA intro: • Pre Video Survey question: Does any one know ANYTHING about the Watergate Scandal? : what happened? Who was involved? Location of it? Etc? • Then…. Die roll details x 2 who feels “lucky”? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IHnmriy. XYeg

Photo Analysis: Predict the Message for each/ & find 3 similarities and 3 differences for each

SECTION 2 Watergate: Nixon’s Downfall President Nixon and His White House An Imperial Presidency • Depression, WW II, Cold War make executive most powerful branch • Nixon expands presidential powers, ignores Congress The President’s Men • Nixon has small, loyal group of advisers; like him, desire secrecy - H. R. Haldeman, White House chief of staff - John Ehrlichman, chief domestic adviser - John Mitchell, Nixon’s former attorney general ADD: John Dean, Whitehouse Counsel (attorney) NEXT

SECTION 2 The Drive Toward Reelection A Bungled Burglary : June 17 th 1972 • Committee to Reelect the President break into Democratic headquarters: plant bugs/photograph documents (5 man team) were caught by a security guard who noticed tape over a door lock) Burglars Nicknamed PLUMBERS! (to stop “leaks” get it? ) • Watergate scandal is the Nixon administration’s attempt to cover up knowledge of the break-in. - destroy documents, try to stop investigation, buy burglars’ silence NEXT

• Washington Post reporters link administration to break-in. • reporters Woodward & Bernstein break the story thanks to secret source named Deep Throat. • White House denies allegations; little public interest in charges • Nixon reelected (Nov 7 th 1972) by landslide over liberal Democrat George Mc. Govern (globally what war were we leaving by now

SECTION 2 The Cover-Up Unravels The Senate Investigates Watergate • Judge Sirica presides burglars’ trial, thinks they did not act alone (trail starts January 8, 1973) • 5 Burglars plead guilty • James Mc. Cord says he lied under oath &that presidential advisers involved • This testimony LINKS directly to WH • Nixon dismisses White House counsel John Dean; others resign(add: Haldeman, Ehrlichman) • Senator Samuel J. Ervin heads investigative committee and Senate Hearings! Image Startling Testimony • White House lawyer John Dean declares Nixon involved in cover-up • Pres. Aide: Alexander Butterfield says Nixon tapes presidential conversations Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 2 continued The Cover-Up Unravels The Saturday Night Massacre Oct 20 1973 • Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox subpoenas tapes; Nixon refuses • Nixon orders Cox fired, Attorney General Elliot Richardson refuses to fire hin • Saturday Night Massacre: Is when The Attorney General Richardson resigns; AND many other govt. attorneys are fired or quit on a Saturday) • Nixon nominates, Congress confirms Gerald R. Ford as vice-president (add: Never elected as VP!) • Summarize: What was the Sat. Night Massacre? NEXT

SECTION 2 The Fall of a President Nixon Releases the Tapes • March 1974, grand jury indicts 7 presidential aides - charges: conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury • Nixon tells TV audience he is releasing edited transcripts • July, Supreme Court rules unanimously Nixon must surrender tapes • Add: On one tape (Nixon talking with Haldeman) 18 minutes of tape are “accidently” erased…further damages Nixon’s credibility… • Rose Mary Woods erasing tape • “accidentally”>>>>> Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 2 The President Resigns • House Judiciary Committee approves 3 articles of impeachment July 27, 1974. - formal accusation of wrongdoing while in office - charges: obstruction of justice, abuse of power, contempt of Congress • Nixon releases tapes; shows he knows of administration role, cover up THEN: • Before full House votes on impeachment, Nixon resigns Aug. 8 th 1974. The Effects of Watergate • 25 members of administration convicted, serve prison terms • NOW SUMMARIZE THIS SLIDE…. Clever headline ect… Image Chart NEXT

1. Final Class Review GRoup Activity: Think like a TEACHER! Collaborate with your assigned group, appoint a 1 writer, a leader and a presenter and Predict & list on a blank paper the Top 5 facts to KNOW from Watergate Sec 2 Notes with 2 details each! 2. Wrap Up: 1. Whip Around review!! One fact learned from each Student! No repeats = reduced hw!

. for Review: Use your Section 2 Watergate Notes and create a Time LINE of at LEAST 7 events that happened from the date of the Watergate Break-in to Nixon’s resignation. Also draw 1 to 2 IMAGEs of something that represents the events of the Watergate Scandal.

Quickly!!! collaborate in groups and use internet on phones to find any scandal on any other president had: (list president and the scandal)

Honors HW: 1 -2 pg comparison paper (use paragraphs intro and conclusion paragraphs) comparing Nixon & Watergate with any other presidential scandal. Describe each Scandal and add (3 to 4 sims and diffs) Due 3 days from now….

Watergate Projects Shared!

Section 3 The Ford and Carter Years The Ford and Carter administrations attempt to remedy the nation’s worst economic crisis in decades. (Images from Watergate time line Hw Shared on Ladybug…) NEXT

Warm Up • 1. What do you know about the 1970 s? Songs, actors, music, movies or fads or even expressions!? • Groups can work together and Look up and LIST 5 popular events, expressions, or famous people or TV shows or songs of the 1970 s. Ever seen or heard any of them? • 2. Then: What are some things the 2010 s will be known for? • Brainstorm in groups and collaborate and list the 5 Top thin that will be studied from the 2010 s? . • 1970 s VLA: add to your lists! • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tou. Sf. RS 4 L 2 E

SECTION 3 The Ford and Carter Years Ford Travels a Rough Road “A Ford, Not a Lincoln” • September 1974, new president Gerald R. Ford pardons Nixon • Tries to move country past Watergate; loses much public support Ford Tries to “Whip” Inflation • Unsuccessfully asks public to cut back use of oil, gas, save energy • Cuts government spending; urges higher interest to restrict credit • “Tight money” policy triggers recession • Continually battles Democratic Congress with own economic agenda NEXT

Ford’s Foreign Policy SECTION 3 Carrying Out Nixon’s Foreign Policies • Ford continues negotiations with China, Soviet Union • Signs Helsinki Accords—cooperation between Eastern, Western Europe/ * Ford CONTINUES DETENTE Image Ongoing Turmoil in Southeast Asia • Vietnam cease-fire breaks down; Ford asks Congress for aid to South • Congress refuses; South Vietnam surrenders in 1975 • Cambodia seizes U. S. merchant ship Mayagüez • Ford uses big military response; 41 die to rescue 39, is criticized NEXT

SECTION 3 Carter Enters the White House 1976 Mr. Carter Goes to Washington • Jimmy Carter promises to restore integrity to presidency - defeats Ford by narrow margin • , Has down-to-earth style; holds “fireside chats” on radio, TV • Does not make deals with Congress; relies on Georgia advisers • Both parties in Congress join to sink Carter budgets, major reforms NEXT

SECTION 3 Carter’s Domestic Agenda Confronting the Energy Crisis • Carter offers energy proposals; oil-, gas-producing states, auto makers resist • National Energy Act—encourages conservation, U. S. energy sources , CARTER’s major focus! • National Energy Act, conservation cut foreign oil dependence Image The Economic Crisis Worsens • Violence in Middle East creates fuel shortage; OPEC raises prices • Carter tries various methods, none work; gives “malaise” speech • 1980 inflation 14%, standard of living drops; people lose confidence Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued Carter’s Domestic Agenda A Changing Economy • From 1950 s automation, foreign competition reduce manufacturing jobs • Service sector expands, higher paying jobs require education, skills Carter and Civil Rights • Carter hires more African Americans, women than previous presidents • Many civil rights groups disappointed because few laws passed • 1978 Bakke case, Supreme Court strikes affirmative action quotas - allows race as one factor in university admissions NEXT

SECTION 3 A Human Rights Foreign Policy Advancing Human Rights • Carter’s foreign policy promotes human rights— basic freedoms • Cuts off aid to some, not all, allies that mistreat own citizens Yielding the Panama Canal • Panamanians resent having country split in two by foreign power • 1977 treaty gives control of canal to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999 • Agreements improve relations between U. S. , Latin America Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued A Human Rights Foreign Policy The Collapse of Détente • Carter’s insistence on human rights strains relations with U. S. S. R. • SALT II talks delayed; Carter, Brezhnev finally sign June 1979 • SALT II meets sharp opposition in Senate • December, Soviets invade Afghanistan; Carter lets SALT II die Map NEXT

SECTION 3 Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East The Camp David Accords • 1978 Carter hosts talks between Anwar el-Sadat, Menachem Begin • Camp David Accords forge peace between Israel, Egypt: - Israel withdraws from Sinai Peninsula - Egypt recognizes Israel’s right to exist Interactive Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East The Iran Hostage Crisis • Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini leads overthrow of shah IN IRAN - establishes Islamic state • Carter supports shah; allows him entry to U. S. for cancer treatment • Students seize U. S. embassy, take 52 hostages; demand shah back Carter refuses; • standoff ensues; intense secret negotiations follow Add; Also a failed rescue mission (helos crash in desert of Iran) • Captives released Jan. 1981, shortly after Ronald Reagan sworn in • CARTER Bio: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xe 749 jc. Jows Image NEXT

VLA Reviews • Ford BIO: • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=obi 8 IF 2 ddl E • Jimmy Carter Bio: • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xe 749 jc. Jow s • Ford trips: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=jlz 0 he 9 rt. K w

Wrap Up: whip Around review: each group voluteer a different KEY fact learned…. No repeats! 2. Class Work/HW follow up: A. Using cell phones/internet Research & List 10 fun/odd facts about Ford or Carter or events that happened when they were president and then draw an image of any 1 of the most entertaining facts.

Section 4 Environmental Activism During the 1970 s, Americans strengthen their efforts to address the nation’s environmental problems. NEXT

Pre –Question Warmup Journal name clever title date – Is it important that we as citizens agree to keep some wild areas of the USA clean, free and natural for future generations to enjoy? Why or why not? (3 to 5 reasons) – Which one would you choose to put in your town and why? : – A coal power plant making electricity with coal which pollutes the air with dust that could give folks lung cancers and pollutes the water OR – A Nuclear power plant which could have a small (2%) chance of a meltdown and then release deadly radiation which could kill thousands in minutes?

Comparison Analysis: find 4 sims and 4 differences between the 2 images:

Create a Funny Headline…& Predict what is this about?

SECTION 4 Environmental Activism The Roots of Environmentalism Rachel Carson and Silent Spring • Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring warns against use of pesticides - argues poisons kill food, harms animals as well as pests • Becomes best seller; leads JFK to establish advisory committee - chemical companies claim book inaccurate, threaten suits • Carson starts national focus on environmental issues NEXT

SECTION 4 Environmental Concerns in the 1970 s The First Earth Day • Earth Day—celebration highlighting environmental awareness • First observed 1970 by communities, thousands of schools, colleges Add; April 22 nd The Government Takes Action • Nixon not an environmentalist—active protector of environment • Signs Clean Air Act, creates Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - main government arm on environmental issues • 1970 s, Congress passes 35 laws on conservation, clean up Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 continued Environmental Concerns in the 1970 s Balancing Progress and Conservation in Alaska • Pipeline creates jobs, revenue, worries over wildlife, native people • Nixon gives millions of acres to native tribes for conservation, use • Carter sets aside 56 million acres as national monuments • 1980, Congress adds 104 million acres as protected areas The Debate over Nuclear Energy • Many think nuclear power good alternative to foreign oil • Opponents contend nuclear plants, waste potentially harmful Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 continued Environmental Concerns in the 1970 s Three Mile Island (During Carter’s Presidency) • March 1979, reactor at Three Mile Island nuclear plant malfunctions • Low-level radiation escapes; 100, 000 people evacuated from area • Incident rekindles debate over safety of nuclear power • Nuclear Regulatory Commission strengthens safety standards - also improves inspection procedures NEXT

SECTION 4 A Continuing Movement Environment or Employment? • 1970 s, environment movement gains popular support • Opponents protest loss of jobs, revenues • 1980 s, 1990 s, attempt to balance environment with jobs, progress NEXT

VLA Wrap Ups: Silent Spring and Pesticides: Good for lunch? 5+ details in web? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ipbc 6 Iv. MQI Three Mile Island 5+ details in Mushroom cloud fashion: https: //www. youtube. c om/watch? v=e. GI 7 Vy mj. Sho

Wrap Ups: Collaborate solo (or if time, in groups) and write a unified list of the Top 5 Facts to know from this section. Include 2 -3 details per fact to know. Appoint a leader, presenter and writer for each group.

Slang of 1970 s Compare to Slang of Today & brainstorm List of 5…

70 s Pop Culture In groups or solo Create own list of 7 Pop Culture items or people of Today…

Wrapping UP!: Whip Around/OR in groups create a Top 5 list of thing that may be asked on a Test from this section…. HW/Practice: Use cell phones/internet to compare TMI to the 1986 Soviet Chernobyl meltdown and 1 st make a list of 10 details from each then a VENN diagram comparing sims and differences between the 2. You may start this in class…don’t have a meltdown….

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