amylose Amylopectin or glycogen Polysaccharides Glycogen and Amylopectin
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amylose
Amylopectin or glycogen
Polysaccharides Glycogen and Amylopectin Structures Glycogen and Amylopectin are a(1 -4) chains with a(1 -6) branches Amylopectin Glycogen
cellulose
cellulose
Carbohydrates – Complex (Polysaccharides) Cellulose fibers Cellulose = polysaccharide found in plant cell walls Macrofibril Microfibril Chains of cellulose
chitin N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units in (b-->4) linkage
Glycoprotein • Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to their polypeptide side-chains. • The process of attaching the glycans is known as glycosalation. • The sugar groups attached to glycoprotein can assist in protein folding or improve a proteins’ stability.
Functions of Glycoproteins Function Glycoprotein Structural Molecule Collagen Lubricant and Protective Agent Mucins Transport Molecule Transferrin, ceruloplasmin Immunologic Molecule Immunoglobins, histocompatibility antigens Enzyme Various, e. g alkaline phosphatase Cell Attachment-recognition site Proteins involved in cell to cellc ommunication Interact with specific carbohydrates Lectins, selectins (cell adhesion lectins), antibodies
Functions of Glycoproteins Function Glycoprotein Receptor Various Proteins in hormone and drug action Affect folding of certain proteins Calnexin, Calreticulin Regulation of development Notch and its analogs, key proteins in development Hemostasis (and thrombosis) Specific glycoproteins on the surface membranes of platelets
glycosaminoglycans of extracellular matrix lubricants in the synovial fluid of joints cartilage, tendons, ligaments a variety of horny structures formed of dead cells: horn, hair, hoofs, nails
Proteoglycans: cell surface or extracellular matrix A typical tetrasaccharide linker (blue) connects a glycosamino-glycan—in this case chondroitin 4 -sulfate (orange)—to a Ser residue (pink) in the core protein. The xylose residue at the reducing end of the linker is joined by its anomeric carbon to the hydroxyl of the Ser residue.
Proteoglycan aggregate of the extracellular matrix One very long molecule of hyaluronan is associated noncovalently with about 100 molecules of the core protein aggrecan
Interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix with binding sites for both integrin and the proteoglycan
linkages in glycoproteins Ser/thr
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides
Lectins, found in all organisms, are proteins that bind carbohydrates with high specificity cell-cell recognition, signaling, adhesion processes, intracellular targeting, deterrent to insects
lectin-ligand interactions in lymphocyte movement to the site of an infection Stronger interaction near the site of inflammation
Helicobacter pylori Interaction between a bacterial surface lectin and an oligosaccharide of the gastric epithelium
Recognition and adhesion at the cell surface
- Storage of carbohydrates
- What is the difference between starch and glycogen
- Cellulose starch glycogen
- Cellulose amylose amylopectin and glycogen
- Amylose vs amylopectin
- Amylopectin and glycogen
- Stärkeverkleisterung
- Monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides
- Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides vs polysaccharides
- Function of polysaccharides
- Storage polysaccharide
- Biological molecules
- Polysaccharides
- Where are polysaccharides found
- Glucose versus glycogen
- Starch and glycogen
- Cellulose starch glycogen
- Glycogen metabolism
- Glycogen metabolism
- What is this?
- Mobilization of glycogen
- Glycogenolysis cycle
- Glycogenolysis youtube
- Glycogen synthesis
- Glycogen color
- Glycogen regulation
- Glycogen in glycolysis
- Xxy
- Glycogen regulation
- Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
- Ch14 twitch
- Monomer
- Glycogen regulation
- Glycogen storage disease mnemonic
- Glycogen synthase
- The major storage sites for glycogen are the