American Revolutionary War 1775 1783 Story Chart Handout

American Revolutionary War 1775 -1783

Story Chart Handout § Take 10 minutes with a partner to complete the story chart. § Complete the following on the chart: – Main characters (Can be people and/or groups) – Other characters (Think of who is in charge of England) – Setting (What is going on? Where? When? ) – Problem and Resolution – Advantages and Disadvantages

Beginning Years of the War § The next slides are filled with the information you will put into the box that states: BEGINGING. § If you need more room, extend the information onto the back side. § If you feel this is not a good way for you to take notes, you may take them in a way that best fits your learning needs.

Bunker Hill- June 1775 § 2 months after Lexington and Concord § Located outside of Boston (Over looks harbor) § Colonists winning at start (General Prescott) § “Don’t fire till you see the whites of their eyes” § 3 rd attempt the British take the hill they won because the colonists ran out of ammunition § Both lost heavy causalities § British realize their in a long heavy war

Olive Branch Petition: July 1775 § 2 nd continental Congress meets to decide what to do in a war against the most powerful nation in the world, Great Britain § Send the Olive Branch Petition – whoops note – wanting to return to former harmony § King George III refuses the petition for peace

Things to think about for the next slide: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the picture depicting? What does the snake represent? Who do you think created this political cartoon? What message is the creator trying to get across? Is the message of urgency? ? ? Why?

Full War: Still the beginning § May 1776 § 2 nd continental congress selects Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence § He uses Enlightenment ideas of John Locke “life liberty and property” changed to “life liberty and the pursuit of happiness” § States ‘all men are created equal”

Created Equal Magazine Thomas Jefferson John Locke

Declaration of Independence § Meant for privileged white men § Was not for women, African Americans, or Native Americans § 1 st draft – was against the slave trade but that was left out of the final draft

Video Take out a sheet of paper As the Actors start to read the DOI, see if you can hear what tone Jefferson was using in his writes Create a running list of the grievances he writes in the DOI. What are the colonists mad about?

Patriots vs. Loyalists § Not all colonists wanted independence from Britain – they chose to stay loyal and became known as the LOYALISTS § Colonists that wanted the colonies to become an independent nation from Britain became known as the PATRIOTS

Two View Points: The War between Americans pg: 163 Patriots Views Loyalists Views

Taking sides § African Americans were both Patriots and Loyalist – whomever they felt they would gain their freedom under § Native Americans – supported British because they feared the colonists stay more – many remained neutral § What are both of these groups hoping to achieve by taking sides?

New York: Read on page 166 § 1776 British and German soldiers known as Hessians (mercenaries) came to New York (32, 000) § British wanted to defeat and humiliate George Washington the leader of the colonial army § Washington was outnumbered, his soldiers were untrained, and poorly equipped § Washington had to retreat but did so very skillfully § Washington has to find way to create Moral in troops.

Washington needs to win a battle: TRENTON § End of 1776 soldiers terms of enlistment were up – they could quit § Washington needed to win a battle to get soldiers excited and reenlist § Christmas night of 1776 Washington led his army through terrible weather to surprise attack the Hessians in Trenton, NJ § At 8 am – Washington’s troops captured the hung over Hessians for a HUGE WIN

Clip: § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XQdwv. A 5 5 Ld 8

Britain plans for victory § Can not let the Patriots get momentum § Plan on taking VIP cities in the Middle Colonies (Albany, NY and Philly the capital) § Need to move swift, efficiently, and effectively! § Wanted control of the Hudson River (Why? )

Philadelphia § Was the capital of the colonies § During war one of the final blows is to capture the capital of the enemy – so that is what the British were after § Americans lost to the British and in the fog started firing on each other in the confusion § Colonies need a victory ASAP!!!

This was Saratoga § This becomes known as the turning point in the war § The British worry about taking the war to the country side § Colonists split British Troops § Force British Commander Howe to surrender and resign from position § French become interested in helping the colonist when they see they can start winning § **Gen. Horatio Gates= responsible for Victory

Clip § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=txe. NCz. G 34 w

Allies: Spain and France begin to take notice They begin to support Colonists by sending supplies, men, money, etc. Bad news for Britain!!!

Yankee Doodle

Middle of the War

§ § Patriot Clip Type of fighting Civilized War Rules of war British becoming: – Frustrated – Spending of $ – Location of fighting

§ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xbt. A 0 TIy o. I 8

Even with a big win(Saratoga) the colonists still aren’t doing well § 1778 Washington has his troops at Valley Forge § They are running low on supplies § 2000 of the 10000 soldiers die because of the bad conditions (10 per day) § Marquis de Lafayette a French military man helping the colonists urged FRANCE to get involved quickly or the colonists might lose

Valley Forge § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=D 1 RD 4 O VInm. Y

Gaining Allies § § § § France Spain Winter at Valley Forge Marquis de Lafayette Fredrick Von Steuben Juan de Miralles Home Front (Women’s roles and treatment of loyalists)

French go to save the day § French were still angry about the loss of the French Indian War in 1763 and wanted to get back at Britain § Originally sent supplies to the colonies secretly § The French signed a treaty recognizing the United States of America and became their ally

Problems and Changing Attitudes § Continental Congress: – Can’t tax – Running out of money and supplies – Inflation – Printed money (No backing) *`Changing attitudes: Women become inspired!!!

War in the West and at Sea § Native Americans take more of British side § Many raids and attacks on colonial settlements § Guerilla Warfare huge in West (Key) § GB used navy to patrol waterways § Put a blockade on all items/goods coming in and out of colonies § 2 nd Continental Congress calls on Privateers for use of ships (First navy)

Struggles in the South § Colonists successful at first in the South § British changed their strategy and focused in on attacking the South: WHY? § Loyalists and African Americans § General Cornwallis takes charge of the South § Hard times to come (Guerilla Warfare) § Spain enters the picture § Patriots begin to win a lot (need to end the war)

It all comes to an end!!! § § Ben Franklin King George III Yorktown Treaty of Paris

§ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5 df. Gmvo k. W 3 Y&feature=related

Yorktown § General Cornwallis – British planned to take over Virginia because he had conquered the majority of the southern colonies and was working his way north § Led his army to a peninsula at Yorktown § 1780 The French had arrived to the colonies

Yorktown § French navy defeated the British naval blockade § 17000 Colonists and French went against 7200 British § British had to surrender – Cornwallis sent someone else to officially surrender § THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR IS OVER

Shot Heard ‘Round the World § School House Rocks

Treaty of Paris § 1782 Colonists, British, French and Spanish meet in Paris § Recognize the USA § Set boundaries from east coast to Mississippi River, and Canada to Florida § Spain gets western half of present day US and Florida § British get to keep some forts in the US and no plans of when they had to leave § Treaty signed in 1783

What do we do now? § § § Need a government Need a leader Need a military Need money Need to get all colonies and colonists to get along and become the UNITED States of America § BUT HOW DO WE DO THAT?

§ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Hw. Wi 0 zd F 7 wk

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