American Revolution in Context The Enlightenment about 1620

American Revolution in Context

The Enlightenment (about 1620 -1780) 1. John Locke- natural rights, social contract theory, right to rebel 2. Montesquieu- separation of powers, rule of law 3. Other ideas: Reason, Progress, Individualism, Secularism, Humanism, Freedom, Equality

What is the significance of the Enlightenment to the colonies?

Growth of printed word 1. Zenger Trial- John Zenger, a German American printer and journalist, wrote articles criticizing the governor of New York. The governor sued Zenger for libel. 2. The jury upheld the freedom of the press. 3. What else will be written in books and newspapers?

Puritan Turmoil 1. Predestination 2. Developed by John Calvin (a main Protestant) 3. Belief that God has already chosen who will receive salvation.

5. Arminianism -salvation is determined by free will. -all humans who accept God’s grace will be saved, not just “predestined” people

Discussion: Whether you are religious or not, what view makes more sense?

The First Great Awakening (1730 s and 1740 s) 1. Major preachers: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. 2. Movement promoted a direct relationship with you and God. 3. Undermined the authority of the older clergy. 4. Growth of new denominations, new churches 5. Mass movement that struck all of the colonies

The British Colonies: Filling in the Gaps • New England – Congregational Churches: Puritans ran their own churches. Democracy in the church led to democracy in government. – Regular town hall meetings to make decisions for the community. – Not accepting of unchurched men at first, only Puritans could vote – Church was a very significant factor in public affairs

(New Enlgland cont. ) Anne Hutchison and Roger Williams- against church politics, believed they did not have to follow the law of the church or man • -Against predestination • -Williams wanted complete separation from Church of England or Anglicans

Happy Friday! • Take out a pen or pencil • Think Box: What are your favorite colonies, so far?

Economies • New England- diversified economy, grew mostly wheat, fishing, lumber, shipbuilding – Yes, soil was rocky, but they could still grow many crops. • South- focus on cash crops/staple crops, indentured servants then slave labor

(Economies Continued) • Middle-”bread colonies”, fur trade, lumbering and shipbuilding – Basically, middle of New England the South – More industry than the South, more large land holdings than New England. – Society and Politics: ethnic diversity, religious toleration, more democracy than other colonies

Middle Colonies started out strong due to attractive measures. -Religious tolerance, democracy, availability of arable land, greater opportunity

South • Beginning- horrible conditions, disease. • Bacon’s Rebellion- In Virginia, indentured servants looking for land to the west struggled against NA. Angry with Governor Berkeley for lack of protection, they revolted. -Significance:

Navigation Laws 1650 and on- all trade with the colonies had to be done in British ships -Goods going to the colonies must go through Britain first. -Goods exported from the colonies must go to Britain first. Molasses Act 1733 - forced British colonies to trade with the British West Indies, rather than the French West Indies

Colonial Government Royal Colonies- governor appointed by British crown (Southern colonies, Massachusetts, etc. ) Proprietary Colonies- governor appointed by proprietor (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware) -two house legislative body. One house chosen by proprietor or governor, one house chosen by popular vote -Taxation decided by legislature Why is this different than in Great Britain?

Local Governments A. South: county govt. B. New England: town-meeting govt. (Who developed the New England govt. ? ) C. Middle: a mix of the two

TPS: How did colonial government differ from England? How did it maintain continuity with England?