American Revolution How many colonies did England establish
American Revolution
How many colonies did England establish on mainland North America? • Thirteen
What country founded a permanent settlement at Quebec? • France
Who founded a permanent settlement at Quebec? • Samuel de Champlain
What was the economic basis of the French colony at Quebec? • Fur-trading
What province was the heart of France’s colonial empire in North America? • Quebec
What two nations became colonial rivals in North America? • England • France
What two countries fought against each other in the French and Indian War? • England • France
What was the French and Indian War called in Europe? • The Seven Years’ War
Who won the French and Indian War? • England
What territory did England gain from France as a result of the French and Indian War? • Canada • Territory west of the Appalachian Mountains
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do? • Forbid American colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains
Who issued the Proclamation of 1763? • The British government • or King George III
What 3 results did the British government intend for the Proclamation of 1763? • Protect friendly Indians • Reduce conflict between Americans colonists and the Indians • Reduce the cost of the British army to protect the land west of the Appalachians
• What Indian leader led a rebellion against British rule in the Great Lakes region? • Pontiac
What effect did the French and Indian War have on the finances of the British government? • British government went greatly in debt
According to the British gov’t. , why did it station British troops in North America after the French and Indian War? • To protect the American colonists
What is the name of Great Britain’s lawmaking body? • Parliament
What is a tariff? • A tax on imports
What is another name for a tariff? • Customs Duty
What was the Sugar Act? • Placed a tax on French molasses imported into the American colonies
What was the Stamp Act? • Taxed newspapers and all legal documents in the American colonies
What was the American attitude toward the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act? • Opposed them
Who did the American colonists believe had the power to tax them? • Only their elected assemblies
What became a popular slogan in the American colonies? • “No taxation without representation. ”
What did Parliament do after the Americans opposed the Stamp Act? • Repealed it
Why did Parliament tax the American colonies after the French and Indian War? • British gov’t. greatly in debt • To pay the cost of British troops stationed in North America
What is revenue? • Tax Money
Identify the Townshend Acts. • Placed import taxes on paint, paper, lead, glass, and tea
How did Parliament respond to American opposition to the Townshend Acts? • Repealed all the Townshend duties, except the tax on tea
What happened in the Boston Massacre? • British soldiers in Boston fired on anti-British demonstrators • 5 American colonists were killed
Identify the Tea Act. • Law passed by Parliament • Gave the British East India Company a monopoly over the American tea trade
What is a monopoly? • Complete Control • Absence of Competition • No Competition
What happened at the Boston Tea Party?
• Protested the Tea Act • Americans disguised themselves as Indians • Boarded ships owned by British East India Company • Threw the Tea into Boston Harbor
Who met at the First Continental Congress? • Delegates from all thirteen colonies
Why was the First Continental Congress important? • Met to discuss opposition to British policies • First time all 13 colonies acted together
Where did the Revolutionary War begin? • Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts
Who were the Minutemen? • Members of New England’s militia
Who wrote Common Sense? • Thomas Paine
What did Common Sense say? • Challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England
When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? • July 4, 1776
When did the American colonies declare their independence? • July 4, 1776
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? • Thomas Jefferson
Who was John Locke? • English Enlightenment political philosopher • Locke’s ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote that government should protect “Life, Liberty, and Property”? • John Locke
Who wrote that all men have the right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”? • Thomas Jefferson
Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow when he wrote the Declaration of Independence? • John Locke • Thomas Paine
Into what 3 groups did Americans divide during the American Revolution? • Patriots • Loyalists or Tories • Neutrals
Identify the Patriots. • Wanted independence from England
Identify the Tories. • Wanted to remain Loyal to England
What Patriot said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!” • Patrick Henry
Who was the commander-in -chief of the American or Continental Army? • George Washington
• The Battles of Trenton and Princeton were important victories for the Americans because • they boosted Patriot morale
Which group of Americans provided the troops for the Continental Army? • Patriots
What 2 types of factors contributed to the American victory in the Revolution? • Diplomatic • Military
What country helped the Americans win their independence from England? • France
What was the military turning point of the Revolution? • The Battle of Saratoga
What two nations signed the Treaty of Alliance in 1778? • The United States • France
What American negotiated the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778? • Benjamin Franklin
Where did the American Revolution end? • Yorktown, Virginia
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown? • The Americans and the French defeated the British
What battle ended the military phase of the Revolution and firmly established the independence of the United States? • The Battle of Yorktown
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