American Revolution 1754 1783 Major Themes French Indian

American Revolution 1754 -1783

Major Themes �French & Indian War �British Colonial Policies �Colonial Resistance �Declaration of Independence �War of Revolution �Post American Society

French and Indian War �Identify the cause of the French and Indian War. �Explain the significance of the Albany Plan of Union. �Analyze the result of the French and Indian War.

French & Indian War

French and Indian War � French and Indian Wars 1. Nine Years War (1688 -1697) 2. War of Spanish Succession (1702 -1713) 3. War of Austrian Succession (1744 -1748) 4. Seven Year’s War (1754 -1763) � Ohio River Valley 1. Fort Duquesne 2. Robert Dinwiddie 3. George Washington � Albany Conference 1. Colonial meeting with Iroquois 2. Albany Plan of Union � General Edward Braddock � Seven Years War � William Pitt � Battle of Quebec � Treaty of Paris (1763)

French & Indian War Questions �Which two sides were fighting each other in the French & Indian War? �What caused the start of the war? �What was the significance of the Albany Conference? �What is the Seven Year’s War? �What was considered the turning point of the French and Indian War? �What acquisitions did Great Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris 1763? Why was Spain involved in the treaty?

British Colonial Policies �Describe how did the British government hope to solve its financial problems caused by the cost of the French and Indian War. �Explain how the Stamp Act affected the relationship between Britain and the colonies. �Analyze the colonial response to the British policies.

Post Treaty of Paris 1763 �Economic problem for Great Britain �Proclamation Act of 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion 2. British officials had been expecting conflict 3. enraged farmers and land speculators 1. � George Grenville 1. 2. 3. 4. vice admiralty courts American Revenue Act (Sugar Act) 1764 James Otis Currency Act of 1764 � Quartering Act 1764

Stamp Act Crisis �Stamp Act 1765 1. royal stamp on all printed materials 2. first direct tax �Sons of Liberty �Stamp Act Congress 1. Declaration of Rights and Grievances 2. boycotts 3. nonimportation agreements �Stamp Act Repeal 1766 �Declaratory Act

Townshend Acts �Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer �Revenue Act 1767 1. tax on tea, glass, paper, paint 2. writs of assistance �Virginia Resolves �Daughters of Liberty �Boston Massacre 1. March 5, 1770 2. Symbol of British tyranny

Review Questions �Why did the British want its colonies to form an alliance with the Iroquois? �What policies did the British government adopt to help pay its debts from the French and Indian War? �What acts did Parliament pass to raise money to pay for the government’s expenses in America? �How did colonists react to the Townshend Acts?

Colonial Resistance �Describe ways in which Massachusetts continued to defy Britain after the repeal of the Townshend Acts �Summarize the first battles between Britain and the colonies.

Massachusetts � Boston Massacre � Gaspee Affair � Committees of correspondence � Boston Tea Party 1. Lord North 2. British East India Company 3. Tea Act 1773 � Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1. Port of Boston 2. Appointment of positions 3. jury trials 4. lodging of troops 5. Quebec Act � First Continental Congress 1. Philadephia (1774) 2. Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Revolution �Massachusetts Provincial Congress �Minutemen �Loyalists (Tories) 1. 2. government officials, ministers, landowners NY, Carolina, Georgia �Patriots (Whigs) 1. 2. artisans, merchants, planters New England Virginia �Lexington & Concord 1. 2. 3. orders Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott “the shot heard around the world”

Pre-Revolutionary War Battles � Massachusetts Provincial Congress � Minute men � Tories 1. Government officials 2. Ministers 3. Yeomen farmers � Whigs � Lexington and Concord 1. orders 2. Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott 1. “the shot heard around the world” � Second Continental Congress 1. defense 2. general � Battle of Bunker Hill

Decision for Independence �public opinion �Olive Branch Petition �Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition �Prohibitory Act �Common Sense 1. Thomas Paine 2. Attacked King George III

Review Questions �What were the Intolerable Acts? �Why was the American Revolution also a civil war? �In what ways did the Continental Congress act like a government?

War for Independence �Describe the strategies behind the Northern Campaign. �Identify and explain the key battles in the American Revolutionary War. �Summarize the scope of the war and the terms of the Treaty of Paris.

Opposing Sides �General William Howe 1. 32, 000 troops 2. advantages �Continental Army �“Continentals” �Robert Morris �guerrilla warfare �strategy

Northern Campaign �General Howe’s Strategy 1. military 2. diplomacy �Battle of New York City 1. largest battle of the war 2. numerous escapes 3. Nathan Hale �Battles of Trenton and Princeton 1. Crossing the Delaware River 2. food & supplies

Burgoyne’s Strategy �General John Burgoyne 1. three pronge strategy 2. isolate New England �Philadelphia Campaign �Valley Forge 1. Friedrich von Steuben 2. Marquis de Lafayette �Battle of Saratoga 1. turning point 2. role of Benedict Arnold

Western Campaign �Ohio River �George Rogers Clark (1778) �Native American Involvement 1. Chief Joseph Brandt 2. Cherokee

War at Sea � strategy � letters of marque � John Paul Jones 1. Bonhomme Richard 2. Serapis

Southern Campaign �General Sir Henry Clinton �Savannah (1778) �Charleston (1780) �The Battle of King’s Mountain �Francis Marion �Yorktown 1. General Charles Cornwallis 2. Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Paris 1783

Questions �What disadvantages did the British troops and the Continental Army face in the war? �Why was the British surrender at Saratoga a turning point in the War for Independence? �Why was the power of the Iroquois and Cherokee people destroyed? �How did Americans attack the British at sea? �Why did the British focus their attention on the South? �Why did the British fear their time was running out to win and end the war?

Distinctive American Society �Describe the features of the political system of the United States set up after the Revolutionary War. �Explain the position of women and African Americans in the new political system.

New Political Ideas �republic 1. 2. 3. European view power constitutional republic �John Adams 1. 2. feared true democracy Bicameral legislature �Enfranchisement 1. 2. right to vote right to hold office �“ecclesiastical tryanny”

American Society �Role of women 1. 2. 3. 4. Molly Pitcher Margaret Corbin advancements Judith Sargent Murray – “On Equality of the Sexes” �African Americans 1. 2. 3. emancipation worship Manumission �Loyalists

American Culture �nationalism �Art 1. John Trumbull 2. Charles Wilson Peale �educated public

Questions �What ideas did John Adams promote for the country’s new republican government? �What advances did women make after the war ended? �How did elementary education in America change after the war?