AMERICAN INFLUENCE GROWS 4 5 QUESTION How would

AMERICAN INFLUENCE GROWS 4. 5

QUESTION: How would we expand our empire? ? ? What would we need to do in order to grow?

WHAT IS IMPERIALISM? ? • This idea was called imperialism —the policy in which stronger nations extend economic, political or military control over weaker territories. Europe was already doing this…. where was U. S. in this game? ?

IMPERIALIST MOVEMENT • Isolated to…. WORLD POWER • Geographically Isolated, (two oceans) • Industrialization • Need for Natural Resources, expand to new markets, overseas competition. • Coal, rubber, tea, iron, petroleum • Extractive Economies • “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” • Increase US Navy and commercial ships • Need for Coaling stations and naval bases. • Cultural Expansion • Spread Democracy • Improve conditions for poor countries • Three factors fueled American imperialism: 1. The desire for military strength 1. Control the seas = control the world 2. New economic markets (trade) 3. Belief that American culture was superior to others. (ethnocentrism)

WHITE MAN’S BURDEN & PATERNALISM • White Man’s Burden • Poem that justified or gave Western countries the right to use imperialism on weaker countries. • Paternalism • Idea that a Stronger country must treat a weaker country as a child. Allowed Western countries to view the native population with prejudicial thoughts

AMERICA’S MILITARY • Imperialist Nations Need a strong military • Need to protect borders + foreign interests • Navy • Alfred T. Mahan • Naval officer who pushed for America to increase it’s naval power • Naval bases abroad, refueling stations • Greatest empires/civilizations had powerful navy • The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • 1900’s USA had the 3 rd largest navy • Steel plated Ships – USS MAINE

America on the World Stage Analyze Information How did the process of U. S. expansion change over time?

America on the World Stage Analyze Maps What can you conclude from the map about the differences between the goals of European imperialism and U. S. expansionism?

AMERICA BEGINS TO EXPAND • Imperialists Movements • Matthew Perry • 1853 sailed his fleet of warships to Tokyo Bay • Japan never opened its ports to outsiders… Shocked by American Ships • “giant dragons puffing smoke” • US showers the emperor with gifts = allows the US to open trade with Japan • US continues to imperialize East Asia • 1867 – Midway Islands • 1875 + 1887 – Treaty allows US to build naval bases on Hawaii • PEARL HARBOR

WHAT DID WILLIAM SEWARD, SEC OF STATE ACQUIRE FROM THE RUSSIANS? • William Seward was Secretary of State for presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. • In 1867 he purchased Alaska from Russia for $7. 2 million. • Russians were getting frustrated with the expense of owning property on a foreign land • Some opponents in Congress made fun of the deal calling it “Seward’s Icebox” or “Seward’s Folly. ” • Historians view this purchase as a key milestone on America’s road to world power. .

The Acquisition of Hawaii In Hawaii, American owners of sugar plantations, such as this one, exerted broad and increasing influence over local affairs.

WHY DID THE U. S. HAVE AN INTEREST IN HAWAII? • Travel • Hawaii = half way point between US and Asia • Coaling Station • The Hawaiian Islands = IMPORTANT to U. S. financially (due to sugar plantations). • ¾ of Hawaii’s wealth due to American-owned sugar plantations • Taxes/Tariff – • US agrees to import Hawaiian sugar duty-free (Tax Free) • New Tariff taxes sugar from Hawaii = more expensive • American Business owners and plantation owners lose • Queen Liliuokalani – resents the power of the white plantation owners • 1893 – American Plantation owners overthrow the queen • Sanford B. Dole – creates a new government in Hawaii • Asks President Harrison to annex Hawaii • Military Base • Refueling station • Pearl Harbor, 1887

THE END OF A MONARCHY • Queen Liliuokalani (1891) wanted to give more power back to the Hawaiians NOT the American business owners. • “Hawaii for the Hawaiians!” • American business owners organized revolt against queen and took control of island. • Sanford Dole – wanted to overthrow the Hawaiian Government • Eventually became president of provisional Government • (July 4 1898) Hawaii became a U. S. territory. • 1959 – Hawaii becomes a state

America Begins to Expand Analyze Maps For what purposes did the United States probably seek to secure influence in the Pacific?